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searching for Earth's mantle 309 found (482 total)

Guyot (1,008 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by extrusion of lavas piped upward in stages from sources within the Earth's mantle, usually hotspots, to vents on the seafloor. The volcanism invariably

Mississippi embayment (739 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Earth's crust brought this region over a volcanic "hotspot" in the Earth's mantle causing an upthrust of magma which formed the Appalachian-Ouachita range

Slab (geology) (799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

evolution of the Earth's mantle due to the insertion of the hydrous oceanic lithosphere. Dense oceanic lithosphere retreats into the Earth's mantle, while lightweight

Ringwoodite (2,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(magnesium silicate) formed at high temperatures and pressures of the Earth's mantle between 525 and 660 km (326 and 410 mi) depth. It may also contain iron

Vicuña Mackenna Batholith (179 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cretaceous (192–98 Ma). The magmas that formed the batholith originated in Earth's mantle and have not suffered any significant crustal contamination. A group

Seismic wave (2,384 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Helioseismology Reflection seismology G. R. Helffrich & B. J. Wood (2002). "The Earth's mantle" (PDF). Nature. 412 (2 August). Macmillan Magazines: 501–7. doi:10.1038/35087500

Pyrolite (1,440 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Pyrolite is a term used to characterize a model composition of the Earth's mantle. This model is based on that a pyrolite source can produce the Mid-Ocean

Tenham (meteorite) (433 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

used to infer chemical and mineral changes that might occur within Earth's mantle. Ringwoodite, the high pressure forsterite polymorph named after Ted

Deep carbon cycle (2,186 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

carbon cycle) is geochemical cycle (movement) of carbon through the Earth's mantle and core. It forms part of the carbon cycle and is intimately connected

Ted Ringwood (793 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

structure of the Earth, in particular the mineralogical constitution of the Earth's mantle. In the late 1950s and 1960s Ringwood worked on germanates. He discovered

Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (2,344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

axes. Launched on 17 March 2009, GOCE mapped the deep structure of the Earth's mantle and probed hazardous volcanic regions. It brought new insight into ocean

Incompatible element (270 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

crystallization of magma and magma generation by the partial melting of the Earth's mantle and crust, elements that have difficulty in entering cation sites of

Harry Hammond Hess (1,901 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and serpentinized peridotite, suggesting that the convection in the Earth's mantle is the driving force behind this process. Harry Hammond Hess was born

Gros Morne National Park (1,583 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

process of continental drift, where deep ocean crust and the rocks of the earth's mantle lie exposed." The Gros Morne National Park Reserve was established in

Beijing Anomaly (566 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The Beijing Anomaly is an observed seismic feature in the Earth's mantle at a depth of around 700–1400 km below Northeastern China where a high degree

Kola Alkaline Province (373 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

originated from small degrees of partial melting in a source region in Earth's mantle made up of garnet-bearing peridotite. The lithosphere had thicknesses

Gem Drill (753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cluster. Steven and Peridot use their completed drill to travel down into Earth's mantle to stop The Cluster from taking form and destroying the Earth after

Wadsleyite (1,690 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

found to be stable in the upper part of the Transition Zone of the Earth's mantle between 410–520 kilometres (250–320 mi) in depth. Because of oxygen

Dun Mountain (303 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the soils high heavy metal content. The ultramafic rock formed in the Earth's mantle in the Permian and is now part of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt. In

Francis Birch (geophysicist) (2,024 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Birch-Murnaghan equation of state in 1947. In 1952 he demonstrated that Earth's mantle is chiefly composed of silicate minerals, with an inner and outer core

Chikyū (1,230 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

[needs update] where the Earth's crust is much thinner, and into the Earth's mantle, deeper than any other hole drilled in the ocean thus far. While the

Formation of rocks (992 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

been subjected to melting either at subduction zones or within the Earth's mantle. The melt is hot and so passes upward through cooler country rock. As

Daniel Frost (earth scientist) (664 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

dioxide, water, and other oxygen-containing compounds escaped from Earth's mantle to form its atmosphere, so making the planet habitable. In popular science

American Miscellaneous Society (249 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

out of AMSOC was the Project Mohole, whose goal was to drill into the Earth's mantle. Hollis Hedberg of Gulf Oil Corporation chaired the AMSOC Mohole subcommittee

Isotopes of helium (2,635 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

geology to investigate the origin of rocks and the composition of the Earth's mantle. The different formation processes of the two stable isotopes of helium

Dominique Weis (593 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

scientist. She is a Canada Research Chair in the Geochemistry of the Earth's Mantle at the University of British Columbia. Weis obtained her B.Sc in Geology

Potassium-40 (866 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eventually escaped to the atmosphere. The radioactive decay of 40K in the Earth's mantle ranks third, after 232Th and 238U, as the source of radiogenic heat

John Baumgardner (623 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

June 1985). "Three-dimensional treatment of convective flow in the earth's mantle". Journal of Statistical Physics. 39 (5–6): 501–11. Bibcode:1985JSP

Vladimir Belousov (700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

expeditions to the East African Rift to study continental structure and the Earth's mantle. These trips fuelled his idea that continental crust was transformed

Sivaramakrishnan Balachandar (393 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Balachandar has contributed to the understanding of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle, the structure of bluff body wakes and their effect on the dynamics

Ocean floor disposal (397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Here, waste would be transported by plate tectonic movement into the Earth's mantle and rendered harmless through dilution and natural decay. Several objections

Citcom (873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

element code designed to solve thermal convection problems relevant to Earth's mantle released under the GNU General Public License. Written in C, the code's

Earth trojan (1,187 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Moon. At the same time, material from Theia mixed and combined with Earth's mantle and core. Supporters of the giant-impact hypothesis theorise that Earth's

Michael J. Walter (336 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

elemental behaviors. He also uses super-deep diamonds to study the how Earth's mantle works. Walter uses experimental petrology to research on early Earth's

Karen M. Fischer (1,123 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

an American seismologist known for her research on the structure of Earth's mantle, its lithosphere, and how subduction zones change over geologic history

Flood (Baxter novel) (1,443 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

on a hypothesis related to possible subterranean oceans within the Earth's mantle. His other references are cursory, although one refers to the presence

Isabelle Daniel (486 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

studies minerals under extreme conditions, such as those that exist in Earth's mantle, as well as biosignatures of early life. Daniel earned a bachelor's

Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (2,087 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

origin of volcanic lava from the Earth's mantle or crust and studies the long-term processes used by the Earth's mantle to recycle old crust. The institute

Earth's internal heat budget (2,081 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

global map of Earth heat flow. The radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's mantle and crust results in production of daughter isotopes and release of

Central Mountain Region (Albania) (2,655 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

of the terrain was formed by ultramafic rocks, originating from the Earth's mantle, which has become largely serpentinite. The protected areas of the region

Ultra-high-pressure metamorphism (3,643 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

caused by the low density of continental crust—even at UHP—relative to Earth's mantle. While the subduction proceeds at low thermal gradients of less than

Plutonium-244 (1,698 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the events of the early Solar System. In fact, by analyzing data from Earth's mantle which indicates that about 30% of the existing fissiogenic xenon is

Mesoplates (1,792 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

within geology and geophysics. The first is applicable to much of the Earth's mantle, and the second to distinct layering within the Earth's crust. In 1977

Abiogenic petroleum origin (7,714 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

some natural gas deposits were formed out of hydrocarbons deep in the Earth's mantle. Earlier studies of mantle-derived rocks from many places have shown

Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project (1,394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Earth's interior via subduction is efficiently recycled back to the Earth's mantle lithosphere, crust and surface environment through volcanic and tectonic

Rheid (299 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

appropriate conditions of temperature and pressure. For example, the Earth's mantle undergoes convection over long time-scales. As the mantle supports the

Geology of Connecticut (441 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Appalachian Mountains now exposes metamorphic rocks once very deep in the Earth's mantle and uplifted during this time period. About 200 million years after

Antarctic Plate (548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Patagonia as it reduced the previously vigorous down-dragging flow in the Earth's mantle caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath Patagonia. The dynamic

List of geophysicists (3,310 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1906–1976) – seismological interpretation of the deep structure of the Earth's mantle and core Victor Robertovich Bursian (Russian, 1886–1945) – pioneer in

List of islands of Hawaii (1,707 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, formed by volcanic activity over a hotspot in the Earth's mantle. The archipelago formed as the Pacific plate moved slowly northwestward

Dudley R. Herschbach (1,862 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

high-pressure and high-temperature environments such as those deep in the Earth's mantle; this finding is an exciting indication of abiogenic hydrocarbon formation

John Verhoogen (679 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formation of rocks and application of thermodynamics on processes in the Earth's mantle and crust, establishing convection as the dominant mode of heat transfer

Olivine (3,174 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

within Earth. Because it is thought to be the most abundant mineral in Earth's mantle at shallower depths, the properties of olivine have a dominant influence

Long Range Mountains (251 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

sections: Anguille Mountains, Lewis Hills, Tablelands (a section of the Earth's mantle exposed at the surface) main section of the Long Range Mountains (running

Alaji Basalts (508 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

volcanic rocks, the Alaji Basalts originate from initial melting of the Earth's mantle. After extrusion, the magmatic structures form at the surface. Common

Theia (planet) (1,175 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

possible that the large low-shear-velocity provinces detected deep in Earth's mantle may be fragments of Theia. It is possible that Theia was captured by

Aluminium carbonate (505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with a carbon dioxide pressure of 24 and 38 GPa. This means that the Earth's mantle may contain aluminium carbonate minerals. Some minerals contain both

Geophysical dynamics (64 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dynamics may refer to: Geodynamics, the study of the dynamics of the Earth's mantle and core Geophysical fluid dynamics, the study of large-scale fluid

Mineral physics (2,005 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

applied pressures of up to 1.2 gigapascals (GPa). They concluded that the Earth's mantle had a different composition than the crust, perhaps ferromagnesian silicates

Geology of Bermuda (231 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

paleosols. Bermuda Was Made by Unexpected Geological Layer Deep in Earth's Mantle Andrews, Robin George. "The volcano that built Bermuda is unlike any

Volcanic plume (76 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eruption Mantle plume, an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, which can cause volcanic hotspots This disambiguation page lists articles

Joann Stock (1,090 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Stock, Joann (January 2003). "Three distinct types of hotspots in the Earth's mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 205 (3–4): 295–308. Bibcode:2003E&PSL

Geochemical cycle (534 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

concerned with the interactions between deep earth which consists of Earth's mantle and core, and the lithosphere which consists of the Earth's crust. Flux

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (1,861 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

volcanic rifted margins and oceanic plateaus through time; and drilling to Earth's mantle to examine and monitor a complete section of oceanic crust Tools critical

Blue diamond (1,375 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

diamonds, unlike most other diamonds, are formed in the lower part of Earth’s mantle, and that the boron creating their blue color originates from serpentinite

Atacama Fault (924 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

allowed for molten iron ore magma migrate from its place of origin in the Earth's mantle to shallow of the crust event reaching surface in volcanic eruptions

Diamond (14,961 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

formed at depths between 150 and 250 kilometres (93 and 155 mi) in the Earth's mantle, although a few have come from as deep as 800 kilometres (500 mi). Under

Numerical modeling (geology) (9,059 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

mechanics, thermal history of rocks, movements of tectonic plates and the Earth's mantle. Flow of fluids is simulated using numerical methods, and this shows

Pyroxenite (749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

proportions of olivine and pyroxene. The pale green area encompasses the most common compositions of peridotite in the upper part of the Earth's mantle

Mesosphere (disambiguation) (92 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Mesosphere may also refer to: Mesosphere (mantle), the region of the Earth's mantle just above the outer core Mesosphere (software), a data center operating

P wave (1,050 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

ISBN 978-0-470-84347-5. Retrieved 2010-02-25. GR Helffrich & BJ Wood (2002). "The Earth's Mantle" (PDF). Nature. 412 (2 August): 501–7. doi:10.1038/35087500. PMID 11484043

W. Jason Morgan (883 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

postulates the existence of roughly cylindrical convective upwellings in the Earth's mantle as an explanation of hotspots. Wilson originally applied the concept

Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship (648 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from the early solar nebula to rock formation on the moon and in the earth's mantle. 1978: John Verhoogen - For his fundamental work on the thermodynamics

Continental drift (4,749 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

time when it was deeply unfashionable. He proposed in 1931 that the Earth's mantle contained convection cells which dissipated heat produced by radioactive

Ultra-low velocity zone (1,171 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Garnero, E. J. (1996). "Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt at the Base of Earth's Mantle". Science. 273 (5281): 1528–1530. Bibcode:1996Sci...273.1528W. doi:10

List of rock types (2,203 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

with orbicular structure Dunite – Ultramafic and ultrabasic rock from Earth's mantle which is made of the mineral olivine Essexite – Igneous rock type Foidolite –

Majorite (431 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and Ca-bearing garnets in this region. All of the minerals of the Earth's mantle are made of oxygen as the principal anion. It has been reported that

Ilgachuz Range (1,158 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

its origins in the Anahim hotspot—a plume of magma rising from the Earth's mantle in central British Columbia. The hotspot remains in a fixed position

Albrecht Hofmann (413 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

isotopic compositions of basalts to study the composition and evolution of Earth's mantle. He recognized "canonical" trace element ratios as tools to distinguish

Iron(II) oxide (547 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

antiferromagnetic. Iron(II) oxide makes up approximately 9% of the Earth's mantle. Within the mantle, it may be electrically conductive, which is a possible

Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis (1,382 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

seafloor was created at mid-oceanic ridges by the convection of the Earth's mantle, pushing and spreading the older crust away from the ridge. Geophysicist

International Ocean Discovery Program (2,131 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

across the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) and into the upper part of Earth's mantle. Expedition 360 was the initial part a multiphase project whose goal

History of geophysics (3,138 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consistent interval. It is believed that the reversal is correlated to the Earth's mantle, although exactly how is still debated. Distortions to the Earth's magnetic

Danakil Depression (1,059 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Erta Ale, is one of several crater lakes of lava bubbling from the Earth's mantle. Additionally, the area contains the Dallol sulfur springs, or hot springs

Geochemistry of carbon (3,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Together this leads to major accumulation of peat under sphagnum bogs. Earth's mantle is a significant reservoir of carbon. The mantle contains more carbon

Insular Mountains (627 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Pacific Plate and the Juan de Fuca Plate being subducted into the Earth's mantle. Large earthquakes have led to collapsing mountains, landslides and

Stephen E. Haggerty (317 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

on the origin of igneous rocks (petrogenesis), forming of the upper Earth's mantle and meteorites and rock samples from the Moon. For ten years, he served

Lanín (520 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

showing that the volcanoes of the chain have distinct source regions in Earth's mantle. Another petrologic characteristic of Lanín is its bimodal volcanism

Johannes Kepler ATV (1,149 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

thus helping scientists to understand convection currents within the Earth's mantle. On 16 February 2011 UTC, Johannes Kepler was launched on an Ariane

Marine biogeochemical cycles (10,775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

metabolic processes within organisms, geological processes involving the Earth's mantle, as well as chemical reactions among the substances themselves, which

Bombo Headland Quarry Geological Site (961 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

xenoliths and xenocrysts, which are believed to represent fragments of the earth's mantle incorporated in magmas originating from within that zone. Sussmilch

Chlorine cycle (988 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the lithosphere, where 2.2×1022 kg of global chlorine is found in Earth's mantle. Volcanic eruptions will sporadically release high levels of chlorine

Mackenzie Large Igneous Province (2,949 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a mantle plume—an upwelling zone of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle. As the head of the Mackenzie plume encountered the Earth's lithosphere

Mantle wedge (748 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1093/petrology/egq036. Hirshmann, M. M. (2012). "Ironing out the oxidation of earth's mantle". Science Magazine. 10 (1126). Van Keken, Peter E (2003). "The structure

Transform fault (1,693 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

edges of the transform ridges. These rocks are created deep inside the Earth's mantle and then rapidly exhumed to the surface. This evidence helps to prove

Farallon Plate (1,144 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

A software model by NASA of the remnants of the Farallon Plate, deep in Earth's mantle

Drummond Matthews (686 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

was being formed at the ocean ridges by extrusions of magma from the Earth's mantle, and that convection currents within the mantle were continuously carrying

1961 in science (1,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

doi:10.1029/JZ066i007p02199. Birch, Francis (1961). "Composition of the Earth's mantle". Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 4: 295–311

Louise H. Kellogg (1,243 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

main research initiatives focused on understanding the flow in the Earth's mantle that drives plate tectonics, and observing and interpreting deformation

Prandtl number (1,097 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

engine oil 1000 for glycerol 10,000 for polymer melts around 1×1025 for Earth's mantle. For air with a pressure of 1 bar, the Prandtl numbers in the temperature

Rogue River (Oregon) (10,791 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

basin are some of the world's best examples of rocks that form the Earth's mantle. Near the mouth of the river, the only dinosaur fragments ever discovered

Penninic (721 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

eclogite lenses shows these rocks were subducted to great depths in the Earth's mantle. Valais sedimentary rocks include thin Cretaceous limestones (now marbles)

Polar wander (928 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to 80° away from their initial positions of formation. Polar motion Earth's mantle as an electromagnetic-field component, with implications for geomagnetic

Cameron's Line (717 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Palisades, which were created by an intrusion of magma from the Earth's mantle). Generally the line creates a hook that generally travels through the

Phoenix 2772 (1,372 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

citizenship and is sent to a labour camp in Iceland where energy from the Earth's mantle is being harnessed in a bid to solve the world's energy shortage (but

Nima Arkani-Hamed (1,080 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Jafargholi "Jafar" Arkani-Hamed. Lateral Variations of Density in the Earth's Mantle. Archived September 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Cornellcast: [1]

Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean (851 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

plume under Iceland that carries hot material from the deep within Earth's mantle upwards to the crust. The rising hot material weakens the lithosphere

Cthulhu Mythos deities (5,044 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Internal One) is a huge mass of living sentient magma, located in the Earth's mantle. She is mother of the Great Old One Shterot, and five other unnamed

Breyite (234 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

(2021-06-19). "Crystal Structure Evolution of CaSiO3 Polymorphs at Earth's Mantle Pressures". Minerals. 11 (6): 652. Bibcode:2021Mine...11..652M. doi:10

Germanate (838 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

analogues for studying the behaviour of silicate minerals found in the Earth's mantle; for example, MnGeO3 has a pyroxene type structure similar to that of

Plume (fluid dynamics) (1,461 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the atmosphere Mantle plume, an upwelling of molten rock within the Earth's mantle Moisture plume or atmospheric river, a narrow corridor of concentrated

Plate reconstruction (4,049 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

plate motion: (1) motion of lithospheric plates with respect to the Earth's mantle and (2) motion of the entire solid Earth (mantle and lithosphere) with

Tejeda (1,362 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

the chamber – thus capping the hole by which magma comes out from the Earth’s mantle. When more magma is injected outwards from the mantle, that cap bursts

La Negra Formation (1,321 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of subduction zone volcanism. The magmas originated in a parcel of Earth's mantle that was metasomatized by fluid derived from the tectonic plate that

Carbonic acid (2,134 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Large presence of carbonic acid in CO2-rich aqueous fluids under Earth's mantle conditions". The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 10 (17): 5135–41

Yeso Group (1,388 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

recoverable. Isotope studies suggest the carbon dioxide originated in the Earth's mantle and the Yeso Group is merely a reservoir rock. Carbon dioxide accumulates

Geochemistry (7,063 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

determined by two opposing processes: differentiation and mixing. In the Earth's mantle, differentiation occurs at mid-ocean ridges through partial melting

Atlas Mountains (1,909 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mountain range. Recent studies suggest that deep processes rooted in the Earth's mantle may have contributed to the uplift of the High and Middle Atlas. The

List of longest mountain chains on Earth (452 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

process of plate tectonics. Tectonic plates slide very slowly over the Earth's mantle, a lower place of rock that is heated from the Earth's interior. Several

Napier Mountains (1,161 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Complex in Antarctica: Evidence for the early Archean differentiation of Earth's mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 246 (3–4): 305–16. Bibcode:2006E&PSL

Perovskite (1,588 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

diffraction data on barium titanate by Helen Dick Megaw. Found in the Earth's mantle, perovskite's occurrence at Khibina Massif is restricted to the silica

Coast Range Arc (1,190 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

geologists believe some fundamental change in convection within the Earth's mantle caused the rifting event, while others believe the huge oceanic plate

Tectonic evolution of Patagonia (4,104 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

have been attributed to a decreased downward drag induced by flow in Earth's mantle beneath Patagonia. This change is in turn derived from the geologically

Decorah crater (437 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equivalent to 1,000 megatons of TNT, did not appear to penetrate the Earth's mantle, but it did push down the underlying Ordovician and Cambrian bedrock

Pangaea Proxima (1,880 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

unexpected shifts in tectonic activity driven by currents deep in the Earth's mantle which are largely undetectable and poorly understood, making longer

Volcanism of Northern Canada (1,578 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Volcano Mountain are unusual because they originate much deeper in the Earth's mantle than the more common basaltic lava flows found throughout the Yukon

Donald L. Turcotte (399 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

collaboration in which they developed ideas about convective flow in the Earth's mantle, and its links to the newly emerging ideas of plate tectonics. In 1973

Ethiopian Highlands (2,093 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Ethiopian Highlands began to rise 75 million years ago, as magma from the Earth's mantle uplifted a broad dome of the ancient rocks of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

Nazko Cone (994 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

origins in the Anahim hotspot—a plume of magma rising from deep in the Earth's mantle. The hotspot remains in a fixed position, while the North American Plate

Brian Kennett (803 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

application (e.g., seismic tomography) has contributed to the study of the Earth's mantle, particularly in Australia. He has developed comprehensive models of

Banda Arc (920 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subduction setting (where one plate moves under another, sinking into the Earth's mantle), with possibly the largest fold on Earth, extending to a depth of about

Ark (novel) (1,563 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

lover from her Academy days. Edward hopes to eventually colonise the Earth's mantle with a race of genetically modified humans. (Baxter had earlier explored

Remedios Varo (4,977 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

painting by Varo titled Bordando el Manto Terrestre ("Embroidering the Earth's Mantle"). Varo's painting The Lovers served as inspiration for some of the

List of geophysics awards (647 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the understanding of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the Earth's mantle and core John Adam Fleming Medal American Geophysical Union United States

Superswell (771 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

this upwelling utilizing calculations of the instantaneous flow of Earth's mantle. Isotopic samples taken from the Pacific-Antarctic ridge basalts have

Wen Lianxing (500 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Seismic evidence for a thermo-chemical boundary layer at the base of the Earth's mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 189, 141-153, 2001. Wen, L. and Helmberger

Core sample (2,101 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

floor. The technique of coring long predates attempts to drill into the Earth’s mantle by the Deep Sea Drilling Program. The value to oceanic and other geologic

Lake Eacham (Queensland) (1,188 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

(Yidyam) was formed over 9,130 years ago when molten magma from the Earth's mantle rose to the surface and heated the water table. The steam that resulted

Xenon isotope geochemistry (5,104 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Allègre, Claude J. (1998-05-08). "Plutonium-Fission Xenon Found in Earth's Mantle". Science. 280 (5365): 877–880. Bibcode:1998Sci...280..877K. doi:10

Adam Dziewonski (598 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

cause of tectonic plate motions by exploring convection currents in the Earth's mantle with radial maps of seismic property variations, based on measurements

Low-velocity zone (936 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

super-rotation Intermediate axis theorem GR Helffrich & BJ Wood (2002). "The Earth's Mantle" (PDF). Nature. 412 (2 August). Macmillan Magazines: 501–507. doi:10

Uruguayan dyke swarms (928 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

derived from the partial melting of garnet peridotite in a parcel of the Earth's mantle that was metasomatized without the direct influence of subduction. These

Arthur Holmes (1,393 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the theory lay in the mechanism of movement, and Holmes proposed that Earth's mantle contained convection cells that dissipated radioactive heat and moved

Zealandia (2,900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

20 km (12 mi) thick, and consequently, they do not float so high above Earth's mantle as that of most landmasses.[citation needed] About 25 million years

Percy Williams Bridgman (1,633 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

University Press. OCLC 372237. Bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in Earth's mantle, named after Bridgman Bridgman's black Pascalization, also called bridgmanization

Montferrat (1,816 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in the Mediterranean area was produced a new rising heat from the Earth's mantle which resulted in the buckle and rupture of the European crust from

Bernard Wood (geologist) (1,168 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

mineralogical changes responsible for the major seismic discontinuities in the Earth's mantle with student Craig Bina. At Bristol Wood became known for his work on

Crustal recycling (1,753 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Although seismic tomography was producing low-quality images of the Earth's mantle in the 1980s, images published in a 1997 editorial article in the journal

Widmanstätten pattern (2,196 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

through very slow cooling, except that the cooling occurred in the Earth's mantle and crust rather than in the vacuum and microgravity of space. Such

Chromite (3,017 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

garnet. Chromite is found as orthocumulate lenses in peridotite from the Earth's mantle. It also occurs in layered, ultramafic intrusive rocks. In addition

Fringe science (2,624 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

may originate from carbon-bearing fluids that migrate upward from the Earth's mantle. Abiogenic hypotheses saw a revival in the last half of the twentieth

Lunar magma ocean (2,180 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

These compositions are generally similar to the composition of the Earth's mantle with the main difference being some (e.g., Taylor Whole Moon) or no

Abo Formation (1,901 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

1966. Isotope studies suggest the carbon dioxide originated in the Earth's mantle and the Abo Formation is merely a reservoir rock. The formation was

Geology of Chile (2,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The volcanic Juan Fernández Islands were created by a hotspot in the Earth's mantle penetrating the Nazca Plate. The islands were carried eastward as the

Magnesium argide (1,786 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

making it an electride. These pressures are higher than found in the Earth's mantle, but magnesium argides could form minerals in super-Earths. MgAr+ can

Archean (4,114 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

partly arose from the decay of radioactive elements. As a result, the Earth's mantle was significantly hotter than today. Although a few mineral grains are

Inge Lehmann (1,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the understanding of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the Earth's mantle and core." The asteroid 5632 Ingelehmann was named in Lehmann's honour

Davemaoite (505 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Alice. "New mineral davemaoite discovered inside a diamond from the Earth's mantle". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2021-11-11. Retrieved

Erik Hauri (718 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Thesis Geochemical and Fluid Dynamic Investigations into the Nature of Chemical Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle (1992) Doctoral advisor Stanley R. Hart

Gamburtsev Mountain Range (1,192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

root, which is visible today in seismic images, reaching down into the Earth's mantle. About 250-100 million years ago, the crust started to pull apart in

Andean Volcanic Belt (2,731 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Southern Volcanic Zone are derived from heterogenous sources in the Earth's mantle. Many lesser parts of melts are derived from subducted oceanic crust

Seltún Hot Springs (449 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

A., Besse J., and Stock J.: Three distinct types of hotspots in the Earth’s mantle. Earth and Planetary Science, Vol. 205, p. 295-308, (2003) Thórdarson

Mount Analogue (1,181 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

illustrations for the first edition of the novel, such as Embroidering the Earth's Mantle and The Ascension of Mount Analog. The Australian artist Imants Tillers

Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni (973 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 26659053. S2CID 1448877. "First explanations for boundary within Earth's mantle: Observed physical transition hundreds of miles below Earth's surface"

Gillian Foulger (1,192 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the sort of convection necessary to generate thermal plumes in the Earth's mantle does not occur. Thirdly, that so many variants of the original model

Rajdeep Dasgupta (470 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

2016. Retrieved 29 December 2017. Flowers, April (10 January 2013). "Earth's Mantle Magma Melts Hotter And Deeper Than Previously Thought". redOrbit.com

Electric current (5,461 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

electric current include static electric discharge and electricity in the Earth's mantle. Electrostaticity was among the earliest discoveries of inorganic electricity

BARS apparatus (528 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

carbonate melts as the medium for the formation of diamonds in the Earth's mantle: an experimental study". Lithos. 60 (3–4): 145. Bibcode:2002Litho..60

Diamond inclusions (2,177 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

inclusions can preserve materials formed under the extreme environments in Earth's mantle back to surface conditions. This enables the discovery of the natural

Geoneutrino (3,805 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

uranium-238 and thorium-232 each produce about the same amount of heat in the Earth's mantle, and these are presently the main contributors to radiogenic heat. However

Dan McKenzie (geophysicist) (1,398 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

4485–96. McKenzie, D., Roberts, J. & Weiss, N. O., 1974 Convection in the Earth's mantle: towards a numerical simulation. J. Fluid Mech., 62, 465–538. McKenzie

Eclogitization (1,467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

This density increase acts as the main driver in the convection of Earth's mantle. It also explains the disconnection of a tectonic unit from the descending

Telluric iron (2,307 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of the metal. Telluric iron is metallic iron that formed within the Earth's mantle and crust. Although minor deposits of telluric iron have been found

2013 Saravan earthquake (2,059 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lines. The underlying tectonic plate descends, or subducts, into the Earth's mantle. Earthquakes occurring at these faults are very large in magnitude and

Magnesite (3,919 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

has been proposed to be one of the major carbonate bearing phase in Earth's mantle and possible carriers for deep carbon reservoirs. For similar reason

Lichens and nitrogen cycling (2,244 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

heavy metal such as aluminum and iron can be related to soil water. Earth's mantle contains non-atmospheric nitrogen in the form of rocks and in the soil

Lake Van (3,353 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

proximity to the Karlıova Triple Junction has led to molten fluids of the Earth's mantle accumulating in the strata beneath, still driving gradual change. Dominating

Robert J. Twiss (229 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(November 1976). "Structural superplastic creep and linear viscosity in the earth's mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 33 (1): 86–100. Bibcode:1976E&PSL

The Crying of Lot 49 (3,503 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

encountered a painting, Bordando el Manto Terrestre ("Embroidering the Earth’s Mantle") by Remedios Varo. The 1961 painting shows eight women inside a tower

Earth mass (3,715 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Earth (6. ed.). Belmont: Thomson. p. 346. Jackson, Ian (1998). The Earth's Mantle – Composition, Structure, and Evolution. Cambridge University Press

Plate theory (volcanism) (5,853 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

1130/0-8137-2388-4.31. ISBN 9780813723884. Tozer, D. (1973). "Thermal plumes in the Earth's mantle". Nature. 244 (5416): 398–400. Bibcode:1973Natur.244..398T. doi:10.1038/244398a0

Swift Creek Landslide (1,338 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle. The asbestos mineral that forms from this serpentinite is chrysotile

Keith Runcorn (1,810 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Satellite gravity measurements and a laminar viscous flow model of the Earth's mantle". Journal of Geophysical Research. 69 (20): 4389–4394. Bibcode:1964JGR

Alok Krishna Gupta (1,167 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Science Letters. 16 (1): 17–21. Gupta, Alok K. (1996). "Evolution of the earth's mantle and core: convective cycle within the mantle and different plate tectonic

Luca Bindi (880 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

works are the crystal-chemical studies of major mineral phases for the Earth's mantle, and studies of potassium-rich clinopyroxene, which had broad international

Satellite laser ranging (1,994 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rotation, these results contribute to modeling of convection in the Earth's mantle by providing constraints on related Earth interior processes. The velocity

Ken Ring (writer) (3,025 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

the new moon) is at perigee (closest to the Earth) it may affect the Earth's mantle and alter the magnetic field. He also suggests this situation may also

George R. Rossman (1,647 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cosmochimica Acta 65, 2487-2497 Bell, DR, Rossman GR (2002) Water in Earth's mantle - The role of nominally anhydrous minerals. Science 255, 1391–1397.

Oldest dated rocks (2,148 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compositions in zircons from continental crust and primitive rocks similar to Earth's mantle, they found evidence that the young planet already had the beginnings

Geography of Sri Lanka (3,402 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Gondwanaland. Beginning about 200 million years ago, forces within the Earth's mantle began to separate the lands of the Southern Hemisphere, and a crustal

Origin of water on Earth (4,650 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

evidence from 2019 shows that the molybdenum isotopic composition of the Earth's mantle originates from the outer Solar System, likely having brought water

Kaiserstuhl (Baden-Württemberg) (3,271 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

Mountain near Sasbach), the last of which is rich in xenoliths from the Earth’s mantle. Carbonatite ignimbrite and lapilli are local peculiarities; they can

Age of Earth (5,444 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

decay of uranium and thorium. If the rock becomes molten, as happens in Earth's mantle, such nonradioactive end products typically escape or are redistributed

Catherine McCammon (743 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Daniel J. Frost; Catherine A. McCammon (May 2008). "The Redox State of Earth's Mantle". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 36 (1): 389–420. Bibcode:2008AREPS

Geography of Iowa (3,249 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

equivalent to 1,000 megatons of TNT, did not appear to penetrate the Earth's mantle, but it did push down the underlying Ordovician and Cambrian bedrock

Hafnium (5,394 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lutetium-hafnium dating. It is often used as a tracer of isotopic evolution of Earth's mantle through time. This is because 176Lu decays to 176Hf with a half-life

Iron cycle (2,818 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

terrestrial ecosystems. The ferrous form of iron, Fe2+, is dominant in the Earth's mantle, core, or deep crust. The ferric form, Fe3+, is more stable in the presence

Don L. Anderson (2,700 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

understanding of tectonic plate motions by mapping convection currents in the Earth's mantle using seismological methods. These studies led to the development of

Cullinan Diamond (3,465 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of unpolished fragments. The Cullinan is estimated to have formed in Earth's mantle transition zone at a depth of 410–660 km (255–410 miles) and reached

Planetary core (4,408 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

meteorites constrain metal segregation to under 5 million years, the Earth's mantle Hf/W ratio places Earth's core as having segregated within 25 million

Magnetohydrodynamics (5,241 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

hydrodynamic codes fail to capture the essential physics. Beneath the Earth's mantle lies the core, which is made up of two parts: the solid inner core and

Seismic magnitude scales (5,868 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

scale, Mm. This is based on Rayleigh waves that penetrate into the Earth's mantle, and can be determined quickly, and without complete knowledge of other

Earthquake (8,863 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

first waves of a distant earthquake arrive at an observatory via the Earth's mantle. On average, the kilometer distance to the earthquake is the number

Stability of the Solar System (3,018 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

example is Earth's axial tilt, which, due to friction raised within Earth's mantle by tidal interactions with the Moon, will be rendered chaotic between

Hualālai (3,278 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

gradually. Hualālai is a known source for xenoliths, rock from the Earth's mantle that have been brought up in lava flows. Many prehistoric deposits,

Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor (1,345 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ridge basalts, abyssal peridotites and also xenolith samples from the Earth's mantle and lower crust. The relational database structure of PetDB is a sample-based

Claude Jaupart (1,230 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

unstable nature of continental roots. (3) Convection in the Earth's mantle. How the movements and distribution of temperatures within the Earth

Inhumanoids (1,723 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

patrolling army jet from the sky. Later, during an expedition to the Earth's mantle, the members of the Earth Corps are ambushed in a trap set by the Inhumanoids

Carbon monoxide (7,681 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

monoxide occurs dissolved in molten volcanic rock at high pressures in the Earth's mantle. Because natural sources of carbon monoxide vary from year to year,

Asteroidal water (8,996 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

spacecraftPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Water in Earth's mantle – Overview of the distribution of water on planet EarthPages displaying

Susan Humphris (1,222 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

found evidence of life in ancient rocks in samples drilled from the Earth's mantle. She has participated in multiple dives to the seafloor in submersibles

Alternative versions of Thor (Marvel Comics) (4,682 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

with the power of the Phoenix. Phoenix King Thor fights Doom in the Earth's mantle for 99 years, emerging victorious but collapsing into the Forever Sleep

Mount Elkins (1,725 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Complex in Antarctica: Evidence for the early Archean differentiation of Earth's mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 246 (3–4): 305–316. doi:10.1016/j

Isua Greenstone Belt (4,094 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Stephen (September 2011). "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth's mantle before the terminal bombardment". Nature. 477 (7363): 195–198. Bibcode:2011Natur

Anne Davaille (777 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

hot spots and superswells as well as isotopic anomalies within the Earth’s mantle. Some of her highlighted work include studying the onset of small-scale

Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province (3,929 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Cordilleran Volcanic Province comprise xenoliths that originated from the Earth's mantle and are located mainly at the Yukon–Tanana Terrane, the Cache Creek

Iceland hotspot (4,293 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Iceland plume is a postulated upwelling of anomalously hot rock in the Earth's mantle beneath Iceland. Its origin is thought to lie deep in the mantle, perhaps

Period 6 element (6,563 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Moorbath, Stephen (2011). "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth's mantle before the terminal bombardment". Nature. 477 (7363): 195–198. Bibcode:2011Natur

Perovskite (structure) (4,979 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

chemical formula (Mg,Fe)SiO3, which is the most common mineral in the Earth's mantle. As pressure increases, the SiO44− tetrahedral units in the dominant

Ore genesis (3,971 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Stephen (September 2011). "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth's mantle before the terminal bombardment". Nature. 477 (7363): 195–198. Bibcode:2011Natur

Radioactive decay (9,760 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

atmosphere or crust. The decay of the radionuclides in rocks of the Earth's mantle and crust contribute significantly to Earth's internal heat budget.

Helium-3 (6,915 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

unconventional pairing system. 3He is a primordial substance in the Earth's mantle, thought to have become entrapped in the Earth during planetary formation

Geology of the Alps (3,650 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rock is in pressure–temperature conditions that normally occur in the Earth's mantle. This means the Penninic nappes consist of material that was subducted

Thermal history of Earth (1,986 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

PMID 25877203. Boehler, Reinhard (1996). "MELTING TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH'S MANTLE AND CORE: Earth's Thermal Structure". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary

India (26,933 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Eurasian Plate. These dual processes, driven by convection in the Earth's mantle, both created the Indian Ocean and caused the Indian continental crust

Earth's magnetic field (8,948 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

wind. However, much of the field may have been screened out by the Earth's mantle. An alternative source is currents in the core-mantle boundary driven

Oxygen (11,791 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals). The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust, is largely composed of silicates

Borders of the oceans (6,568 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

crust is the thin layer of solidified volcanic basalt that covers the Earth's mantle. Continental crust is thicker but less dense. From this perspective

Norman Sleep (904 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

and until the early 1990s, dealt with the temperature history of the Earth's mantle. He also studied the formation and composition of mantle plumes, as

American Geophysical Union (6,650 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the understanding of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the Earth's mantle and core." The Robert E. Horton Medal (established 1974), named after

Piston-cylinder apparatus (1,530 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Luth R. W. (Ed.) Experiments at High Pressure and Applications to the Earth’s Mantle, MAC Short Course Handbook, Vol. 21, Mineralogical Association of Canada

Volcanism of Canada (13,419 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a result of partial melting in a weak zone in the upper part of the Earth's mantle within a back-arc basin related to subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate

Aluminium (14,473 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

silicates in the Earth's crust contain aluminium. In contrast, the Earth's mantle is only 2.38% aluminium by mass. Aluminium also occurs in seawater at

Uranium (12,403 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

other elements. The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat that keeps the Earth's outer

Heat transfer (8,502 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Colors span from red and green to blue with decreasing temperatures. A hot, less-dense lower boundary

Geology of Scotland (5,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

which he proposed the idea that slow moving convection currents in the Earth's mantle created 'continental drift' as it was then called. He also pioneered

Éric Calais (900 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mediterranean and East Africa. He identified the role played by the Earth's mantle in large-scale geological deformation in Africa and Asia and deciphered

Brillouin spectroscopy (2,026 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to bulk systems such as those found within rock assemblages in the Earth's mantle. In order to calculate the elastic properties of bulk material with

Plate tectonics (13,618 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

since 2000, with the emergence of computational models reproducing Earth's mantle behaviour to first order, following upon the older unifying concepts

Terraforming of Venus (6,146 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the interior of the planet itself. According to some researchers, the Earth's mantle and/or core might hold large quantities of hydrogen left there since

Mississippi River (14,397 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

million years ago, North America passed over a volcanic "hotspot" in the Earth's mantle (specifically, the Bermuda hotspot) that was undergoing a period of

Neutrino astronomy (4,722 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

chondritic meteorites. The power output from uranium and thorium in Earth's mantle was found to be 14.2-35.7 TW with a 68% confidence interval. Neutrino

Gold (15,960 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Moorbath, Stephen (2011). "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth's mantle before the terminal bombardment". Nature. 477 (7363): 195–8. Bibcode:2011Natur

Deep water cycle (4,061 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

2004.04.018. Bell, D. R.; Rossman, G. R. (13 March 1992). "Water in Earth's Mantle: The Role of Nominally Anhydrous Minerals". Science. 255 (5050): 1391–1397

Gravity of Mars (6,283 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

420. Runcorn, S. K. (1965). "Changes in the Convection Pattern in the Earth's Mantle and Continental Drift: Evidence for a Cold Origin of the Earth". Philosophical

Water (19,576 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

solvent or catalyst in chemical reactions involving organic compounds. In Earth's mantle, it acts as a solvent during mineral formation, dissolution and deposition

China Jinping Underground Laboratory (2,864 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Xi, Yufei; McDonough, William F. (9 September 2016). "Revealing the Earth's mantle from the tallest mountains using the Jinping Neutrino Experiment" (PDF)

Nepal (23,249 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the Eurasian plate. These dual processes, driven by convection in the Earth's mantle, both created the Indian Ocean and caused the Indian continental crust

Foundation Seamounts (2,795 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

301. Stroncik, N. A.; Niedermann, S.; Haase, K. M. (2005-12-01). "The Earth's mantle primordial noble gas source: Constraints from He and Ne isotopic patterns

Crystal mush (1,802 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

specific in magmatic arcs, it is possible to transport water into the Earth's mantle, as the denser oceanic plate subducts under the other – continental

Composition of Mars (9,010 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

suggests that the planet's mantle is about twice as rich in iron as the Earth's mantle. The planet's distinctive red color is due to iron oxides on its surface

Bowie Seamount (2,460 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

from varying degrees of partial melting of a depleted source in the Earth's mantle and basalts which had distinctly high lead isotopic ratios. Estimates

Chain-melted state (746 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

molten states, or quasi-solid properties. It is also possible that Earth's mantle may contain metals like potassium in the chain-melted state; however

Chetco River (4,543 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

contains a rare type of rock called peridotite, originating from the Earth's mantle. The mountainous terrain of the Chetco River watershed was created approximately

Plutonium (15,142 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Allègre, Claude J. (January 1, 1998). "Plutonium-Fission Xenon Found in Earth's Mantle". Science. 280 (5365): 877–880. Bibcode:1998Sci...280..877K. doi:10

Asteroid mining (9,321 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Moorbath, Stephen (2011). "The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earth's mantle before the terminal bombardment". Nature. 477 (7363): 195–198. Bibcode:2011Natur

Darjeeling (15,041 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rocks in the middle and northern, suggesting upward intrusion of the Earth's mantle. The collective process has sheared, folded, crushed together, fractured

Bushveld Igneous Complex (6,207 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ago—and are remarkably similar. Vast quantities of molten rock from Earth's mantle were brought to the surface through long vertical cracks in Earth's

Laura J. Crossey (2,799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

rain or snowmelt mixes with deeper groundwater that rises from the Earth's mantle. Crossey has spent years studying the relationships between geology

Helium (16,095 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used to investigate the origin of rocks and the composition of the Earth's mantle. 3 He is much more abundant in stars as a product of nuclear fusion

Flat slab subduction (3,738 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

America may have been vital in producing Carlin-type gold deposits. Early Earth's mantle was hotter and it has been proposed that flat slab subduction was the

Peaceful nuclear explosion (5,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

explosion test shots have been used to investigate the composition of Earth's mantle, analogous to the exploration geophysics practice of mineral prospecting

Future of Earth (10,921 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

caused by its fall on a decaying trajectory towards the Sun may remove Earth's mantle, leaving just its core, which will finally be destroyed after at most

Boron nitride (7,355 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"Qingsongite, natural cubic boron nitride: The first boron mineral from the Earth's mantle" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 99 (4): 764–772. Bibcode:2014AmMin..99

Radioactive waste (12,767 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

subduction zone that would slowly carry the waste downward into the Earth's mantle, and burial beneath a remote natural or human-made island. While these

K–Ca dating (1,454 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

composition of calcium was similar across meteorites, lunar samples, and Earth's mantle. The primary disadvantage to K–Ca dating is the abundance of calcium

Lanthanide (10,221 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lanthanides in the Earth's crust, but more of the heavy members in the Earth's mantle. The result is that although large rich ore-bodies are found that are

Synthetic diamond (9,944 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

carbonate melts as the medium for the formation of diamonds in the Earth's mantle: an experimental study". Lithos. 60 (3–4): 145–159. Bibcode:2002Litho

Borexino (4,566 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Scott A.; Xi, Yufei; McDonough, William F. (2016). "Revealing the Earth's mantle from the tallest mountains using the Jinping Neutrino Experiment". Scientific

Geology of Venus (6,404 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

definitely known about the structure of the planet's mantle, but models of Earth's mantle have been modified to make predictions. It is expected that the uppermost

Hawaii hotspot (7,840 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Emperor Seamounts: Southward Motion of the Hawaiian Hotspot Plume in Earth's Mantle". Science. 301 (5636): 1064–1069. Bibcode:2003Sci...301.1064T. doi:10

Michel Campillo (1,626 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

Pedersen and the Lapnet Working Group, « Body wave imaging of the Earth’s mantle discontinuities from ambient seismic noise », Science, (2012), 338,

Sea (18,796 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Ocean Explorer. Oskin, Becky (12 Mar 2014). "Rare Diamond Confirms that Earth's Mantle Holds an Ocean's Worth of Water" Archived 13 March 2014 at the Wayback

Walter Munk (7,816 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

drill into the Mohorovičić discontinuity and obtain a sample of the Earth's mantle. While such a project was not feasible on land, drilling in the open

List of World Heritage Sites in North America (1,445 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(viii) 180,500 (446,000) 1987 With deep ocean crust and rocks of the Earth's mantle lying exposed, the park illustrates continental drift. Landlocked freshwater

Formation and evolution of the Solar System (13,402 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

example is Earth's axial tilt, which, due to friction raised within Earth's mantle by tidal interactions with the Moon (see below), is incomputable from

Artem Oganov (2,145 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

allotrope, prediction of MgSiO3 post-perovskite and its stability in the Earth's mantle, prediction of other planet-forming minerals, prediction and synthesis

Dalnyaya diamond mine (1,005 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

millions of years ago during volcanic activity, bringing diamonds from the Earth's mantle to the surface. Mining methods at the Dalnyaya mine typically involve

Mount Mazama (10,616 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

where smaller volcanoes are common because of melting patterns of the Earth's mantle within the region. Erupting magma that ranged from high-alumina olivine

Harmon Craig (3,536 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ocean waters. Craig concluded that the isotope was present within the Earth's mantle and theorized that it was leaking into sea water through cracks in the

Rare-earth element (16,776 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

greater solid solubility in the rock-forming minerals that make up Earth's mantle, and thus yttrium and the HREE show less enrichment in Earth's crust

Mineral evolution (5,027 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

melting produced minerals such as ringwoodite, a major component of Earth's mantle. Eventually, asteroids heated enough for partial melting to occur, producing

British Mid-Ocean Ridge Initiative (2,791 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

features, relate to the physical properties and dynamics of the underlying Earth’s mantle? Can the geochemistry of the lavas erupted at mid-ocean ridges give

Geology of Zealandia (1,301 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

20 km (12 mi) thick, and consequently, they do not float so high above Earth's mantle as that of most landmasses.[citation needed] About 25 million years

Geology applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2,744 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

original (PDF) on 2017-01-08. Bell, D.R.; Rossman, G.R. (1992) "Water in earth's mantle; the role of nominally anhydrous minerals". Science. 255: 1391-1397

List of common misconceptions (55,725 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

misconception may originate from a misunderstanding based on the fact that the Earth's mantle convects, and the incorrect assumption that only liquids and gases can

List of fictional elements, materials, isotopes and subatomic particles (2,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Dyson. It is found all throughout the Milky Way and was discovered on Earth's mantle during the early 22nd century. However, it can also be synthesized.

Boring Billion (8,038 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

atmospheric chemistry. It is possible the asthenosphere—the molten layer of Earth's mantle that tectonic plates essentially float and move around upon—was too

Sand Mountain Volcanic Field (4,344 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

unique magma may be the result of old, metasomatized material from the Earth's mantle. The basaltic andesite at Little Nash Crater includes many small plagioclase

Garibaldi Volcanic Belt (9,224 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compositions might be related to a smaller degree of partial melting in the Earth's mantle or a descending plate edge effect. The oldest volcano in the group,

Reika Yokochi (1,313 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

136Xe* in the deep Earth, suggesting a protracted loss of volatiles from Earth's mantle. Between 2005 and 2008, she was a postdoctoral researcher with Neil

David Price (mineral physicist) (3,114 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

Wadsleyite, which is believed to make up part of the transition zone of the Earth’s mantle, from a depth of 400 km to 550 km. As UCL Vice-Provost (Research), Price

Tom Gaskell (1,208 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

1966: North Sea Oil--the Great Gamble (with Bryan Cooper) 1967: The Earth's Mantle 1968: The History of the Gulf Stream 1970: Physics of the Earth 1970:

Canadian Cascade Arc (7,437 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

compositions might be related to a smaller degree of partial melting in the Earth's mantle or a descending plate edge effect. The oldest volcano in the group,

January 1965 (13,708 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

deepest hole, in order to penetrate the Earth's crust and into the Earth's mantle. The word "mohole" was derived from the Mohorovicic discontinuity, a

Volcanic history of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province (7,063 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

lavas are usually interpreted to have originated much deeper in the Earth's mantle unlike the typical basaltic lava found throughout the Northern Cordilleran

Gundagai lore (4,410 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Murrumbidgee rivers. The Kimo bunyip is accompanied by a large slash in the earth's mantle out of which the 'Jindalee Volcanics' extruded. The area is also identified

Olympic–Wallowa lineament (14,417 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

global system of plate tectonics, driven by convective flows in the Earth's mantle. The primary story on the western margin of North America is the accretion

Gas-rich meteorites (4,828 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

D.; Hofmann, A. (Jul 2014). "Evolution of volatile species in the earth's mantle: A view from xenology". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 136: 229–46

Seismic velocity structure (7,562 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to wadsleyite and from wadsleyite to ringwoodite, analogous to the Earth's mantle phase changes at depths of 410 km and 660 km. However, Mars's mantle

Outline of oceanography (32,647 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Dynamic topography – Elevation changes caused by the flow within the Earth's mantle Gas hydrate stability zone – A zone and depth of the marine environment

2014 in science (25,346 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

ringwoodite sample provides strong evidence of water in huge volumes in the Earth's mantle at 400 to 700 km (250 to 430 mi) below the surface. Iranian scientists

Puget Sound faults (20,728 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

earthquakes are the motions of the tectonic plates: material from the Earth's mantle rises at spreading centers, and moves out as plates of oceanic crust

Kenneth Sims (geologist) (4,221 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

California, Berkeley where his research focused on magma genesis in the Earth’s mantle. Sims worked as a student and then as a guest scientist for the Isotope

Earth system interactions across mountain belts (4,750 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

have their own processes which interact within the system they belong. Earth's mantle is the region between the core and the lithosphere. The asthenosphere

Keiko Hattori (2,940 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

old) igneous rocks. Hattori defined the osmium isotope evolution of Earth's mantle, providing evidence for an accretion of chondritic meteorites after

Magmatism along strike-slip faults (4,846 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

California. Magmatism is the process by which rock is heated deep in the earth’s mantle or crust via different types of melting, forming magma, liquid or semi-liquid

Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre (6,319 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

deepest portions of the continental crust near its boundary with the Earth's mantle. Part of the city of Ivrea was built on this rocky substrate, which

Phases of ice (15,375 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

(September 21, 2018). "A New State of Water Reveals a Hidden Ocean in Earth's Mantle". Seeker. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube. Woo