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searching for Entropy (order and disorder) 134 found (145 total)

alternate case: entropy (order and disorder)

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Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

intensive quantities (such as pressure, temperature, specific volume, specific entropy) of the system at any instant during the whole process; otherwise, since

A thermodynamic free entropy is an entropic thermodynamic potential analogous to the free energy. Also known as a Massieu, Planck, or Massieu–Planck potentials

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.

a minimum of its components' Gibbs free energy and a maximum of their entropy. Equilibrium thermodynamics differs from non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Stoppard, which explores the relationship between past and present, order and disorder, certainty and uncertainty. It has been praised by many critics as

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

thermodynamics, a temperature–entropy (T–s) diagram is a thermodynamic diagram used to visualize changes to temperature (T ) and specific entropy (s) during a thermodynamic

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

especially convenient for calculating changes in entropy since, in this case, the formula for the entropy change, ΔS, is simply Δ S = Q rev T {\displaystyle

consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature–entropy diagram (T–s diagram) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid

a way that the net change in the combined entropy of the system and its surroundings is zero. (The entropy of the system alone is conserved only in reversible

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

would show that the initial and final entropies are the same, thus, the reason it is called isentropic (entropy does not change). Thermodynamic processes

system into a different equilibrium state. Internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy are examples of state quantities or state functions because they quantitatively

= 1/T (where T is temperature) will yield the exact differential of an entropy state function dS = δQ/T. Sychev, V. V. (1991). The Differential Equations

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

converted to the work done by the system. The cycle is reversible, and entropy is conserved, merely transferred between the thermal reservoirs and the

expressed in terms of pairs of conjugate variables such as temperature and entropy, pressure and volume, or chemical potential and particle number. In fact

law of thermodynamics requires that black holes have entropy. If black holes carried no entropy, it would be possible to violate the second law by throwing

relationships). The extensive variables of the system are fundamental. Only the entropy S , the volume V  and the four most common thermodynamic potentials will

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

magnitude is additive for subsystems. Examples include mass, volume and entropy. Not all properties of matter fall into these two categories. For example

the entropy is an exact differential, using the chain rule, the change in entropy when going from a reference state 0 to some other state with entropy S

Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, thermodynamic temperature, and entropy. For a given body, of a given chemical constitution, when its thermodynamic

P\partial T}}} where P  is pressure, V  is volume, T  is temperature, S  is entropy, and N  is the number of particles. For a single component system, only

{1}{V}}\left({\frac {\partial V}{\partial p}}\right)_{S},} where S is entropy. For a solid, the distinction between the two is usually negligible. Since

microscopic change in internal energy in terms of microscopic changes in entropy, and volume for a closed system in thermal equilibrium in the following

H {\textstyle H} is the enthalpy of the system S {\textstyle S} is the entropy of the system T {\textstyle T} is the temperature of the system V {\textstyle

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system at thermodynamic equilibrium approaches a constant value when its temperature

transferred irreversibly. It is also called finite-time thermodynamics, entropy generation minimization, or thermodynamic optimization. Endoreversible

deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these

The edge of chaos is a transition space between order and disorder that is hypothesized to exist within a wide variety of systems. This transition zone

where y {\displaystyle y} is equal to either specific enthalpy, specific entropy, specific volume or specific internal energy, y f {\displaystyle y_{f}}

for a much more precise representation. Indicator diagram Temperature–entropy diagram Wiggers diagram Stroke volume Cyclic process Pressure–volume loop

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

be done locally, and the macroscopic entropy will then be given by the integral of the locally defined entropy density. It has been found that many systems

capable of returning to its initial state. Because entropy is a state function, the change in entropy of the system is the same whether the process is reversible

The edge of chaos is a transition space between order and disorder that is hypothesized to exist within a wide variety of systems. This transition zone

accounts for the entropy change before and after a change in the entire system. A dynamical viewpoint is based on local accounting for the entropy changes in

0,} where ∮ d S Res {\displaystyle \oint dS_{\text{Res}}} is the total entropy change in the external thermal reservoirs (surroundings), δ Q {\displaystyle

including the macroscopic entropy, though microscopically referable to the Gibbs statistical mechanical definition of entropy for the canonical ensemble

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

heat source and the working fluid and therefore reducing the amount of entropy generated by irreversibility. Rankine engines generally operate in a closed

Whether carried out reversible or irreversibly, the net entropy change of the system is zero, as entropy is a state function. During a closed cycle, the system

process." The second law of thermodynamics establishes the concept of entropy as a physical property of a thermodynamic system. It predicts whether processes

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

of a thermodynamic system (the others being internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc.). The change in the free energy is the maximum amount of work that

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

this is the existence of a well defined physical quantity called 'the entropy of a body'. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, as a subject in physics, considers

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

space as it goes from one equilibrium state to another is that of entropy. The entropy is first viewed as an extensive function of all of the extensive

in a general imperfect fluid, entropy is locally not conserved and its local evolution can be given in the form of entropy density s {\displaystyle s} as

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

provides an independent definition of temperature without reference to entropy, which is defined in the second law. The law was established by Ralph H

thermodynamic properties for substances, the most important being enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. Numerical values of these thermodynamic properties

PMID 11178041. S2CID 31758641. See e.g., Wallace, David (2010). "Gravity, entropy, and cosmology: in search of clarity" (preprint). British Journal for the

are measured by changes in the system's properties, such as temperature, entropy, volume, electric polarization, and molar constitution. The internal energy

temperature (kelvins) of the surroundings, modelled as a heat bath, S is the entropy of the system (SI: joules per kelvin, CGS: ergs per kelvin). The Helmholtz

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

insulated, by a rigid boundary, from the environment. The temperature-entropy conjugate pair is concerned with the transfer of energy, especially for

Five common thermodynamic potentials are: where T = temperature, S = entropy, p = pressure, V = volume. Ni is the number of particles of type i in the

Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef

saturated steam will be negative 1850 – Rudolf Clausius coined the term "entropy" (das Wärmegewicht, symbolized S) to denote heat lost or turned into waste

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

to their thermal natural variable (temperature T {\displaystyle T} , or entropy S {\displaystyle S} ) and their mechanical natural variable (pressure P

Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution for an ideal gas, and the implications of the Entropy quantity. The distribution is valid for atoms or molecules constituting

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

he came to define the entropy symbolized by S, such that, due to the supply of the amount of heat Q at temperature T the entropy of the system is increased

process (no heat is added or removed from the working fluid - and the entropy is constant) isenthalpic process (the enthalpy is constant) Some examples

to the concept of entropy formulated by the famed mathematical physicist Rudolf Clausius. In 1865, Clausius coined the term "entropy" (das Wärmegewicht

closed homogeneous system is its energy function H( S, p ) , with its entropy S[ p ] and its pressure p as natural state variables which provide a differential

helps establish the Clausius theorem, which implies that the change in entropy S {\displaystyle S} is unique for all reversible processes: Δ S = ∫ a b

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

comes with entropy." (heat energy Δ Q = T Δ S {\displaystyle \Delta Q=T\Delta S} ), "When the engine performs work, on the other hand, no entropy leaves the

1 / V {\displaystyle \rho =1/V} in these relations. Since for constant entropy, S {\displaystyle S} , we have P ∝ ρ γ {\displaystyle P\propto \rho ^{\gamma

Clausius sets out the concept of the thermodynamic system and positioned entropy as being that in any irreversible process a small amount of heat energy

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

The most common example of this in thermodynamics is the definition of entropy: d S = δ Q rev T {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} S={\frac {\delta Q_{\text{rev}}}{T}}}

state 1 using the equations listed. ^ a. In an isentropic process, system entropy (S) is constant. Under these conditions, p1V1γ = p2V2γ, where γ is defined

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

is minimized (in the absence of an applied voltage), or for which the entropy (S) is maximized, for specified conditions. One such potential is the Helmholtz

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

The idealized Brayton cycle where P = pressure, v = volume, T = temperature, s = entropy, and q = the heat added to or rejected by the system.

thermodynamic systems the extensive quantities such as energy, volume, or entropy (versus intensive quantities of temperature and pressure) are placed on

dimensionless entropy measured in bits. From the definition of entropy T d S = δ Q , {\displaystyle T\,{\text{d}}S=\delta Q,} the absolute entropy can be calculated

variables, apart from entropy, are held constant over the process, then the transferred heat must appear as increased temperature and entropy; in a uniform gravitational

quantity that he called "the thermodynamic function" that later was called entropy, and at that time he wrote also of the "curve of no transmission of heat"

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are alloys that are formed by mixing equal or relatively large proportions of (usually) five or more elements. Prior to the

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

energy flows of economic production and consumption. His magnum opus, The Entropy Law and the Economic Process (1971), is credited by Daly as a fundamental

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

"Configurons: thermodynamic parameters and symmetry changes at glass transition". Entropy. 10 (3): 334–364. Bibcode:2008Entrp..10..334O. doi:10.3390/e10030334. "Sheer

states. We call this distribution "entropy". To better understand the relationship between temperature and entropy, consider the relationship between

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

of previously composed phrases. This system provided a balance of order and disorder. The structure was based on an element of order on one hand, and disorder

(astronomy) Orbital state vectors Orbiting body Orbitrap Ordal Demokan Order and disorder (physics) Order operator Ordered exponential Orders of magnitude (charge)

{\partial U}{\partial I}}\right)_{S,V,N}} where S {\displaystyle S} is the Entropy, V {\displaystyle V} is the Volume and N {\displaystyle N} is the number

be expressed as a function of the system's defining state variables S, entropy, and V, volume: U = U (S, V). In these terms, T, the system's temperature

matter. Another common denominator is the simultaneous presence of order and disorder. Both types of phases are usually observed between the true solid

PMID 22400519. S2CID 1670882. India portal Physics portal Langevin dynamics Order and disorder Stochastic process Bose–Einstein condensate Long link - please select

the nervous system. It is important to understand that entropy is related to order and disorder but it is not necessarily the same. Cortical activity gets

Planck Rankine Smeaton Stahl Tait Thompson van der Waals Waterston Other Nucleation Self-assembly Self-organization Order and disorder Category v t e

PMID 15955783. Wang L, Sauer UH (June 2008). "OnD-CRF: predicting order and disorder in proteins using conditional random fields". Bioinformatics. 24 (11):

Chaisson and David Layzer. See also relational order theories and order and disorder. Continuous phase transitions are easier to study than first-order

Moscow State University, 1971.[Russian] Kobozev N. I. The Problems of Order and Disorder in Chemical Thermadynamics, 1961.[Russian] Kobozev N. I. On physico-chemical

cosmocrats and chaotarchs both use life for their own directed goals of order and disorder, but life's unplanned and unregulated cosmological actions are a disturbance