least one species, Muraena retifera, possesses an additional "raptorial pharyngealjaw" within the pharynx, which is mobile and can be thrust forwards quickly
preopercle in P. serrata. C. liops also has small conical teeth on the pharyngealjaw, whereas P. serrata has large grinding tooth plates, suggesting a diet
sister group of the needlefishes and sauries. This is based on the pharyngealjaw apparatus, sperm ultrastructure, and molecular evidence. However, this
Reflexes Coughing Sneezing Swallowing (palatal) Vomiting Gagging (pharyngeal) Jaw jerk (masseter) Because of its location in the brainstem and its many
arches as a filter. The chaetobranchins possess a very reduced lower pharyngealjaw which has elongated lateral processes, a keel and conical teeth. Chaetobranchines
preopercle in P. serrata. C. liops also has small conical teeth on the pharyngealjaw, whereas P. serrata has large grinding toothplates, suggesting a diet
extends back into the head. In addition, there is a second jaw, the pharyngealjaw located further down the throat, used to capture and transport the prey
against a chewing pad on the base of the skull, instead of an upper pharyngealjaw. The most notable family placed here is the Cyprinidae (carps and minnows)
teeth. Their distinct teeth allow them to crush and grind food. The pharyngealjaw is the second set of teeth located in the throat. The color of the princess
McGee; Borstein; Neches; Buescher; Seehausen; Wainwright (2015). "A pharyngealjaw evolutionary innovation facilitated extinction in Lake Victoria cichlids"