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searching for Physical quantity 209 found (322 total)

alternate case: physical quantity

Moment (physics) (2,893 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

distance from the reference point to the object. In principle, any physical quantity can be multiplied by a distance to produce a moment. Commonly used

to linear thermal bridging ( H T B {\displaystyle H_{TB}} ) is a physical quantity used when calculating the energy performance of buildings. It appears

In physics, a plane wave is a special case of wave or field: a physical quantity whose value, at any moment, is constant through any plane that is perpendicular

either be a pure mathematical number (dimensionless) or a scalar physical quantity (with units). In a physical context, scalar fields are required to

the material derivative describes the time rate of change of some physical quantity (like heat or momentum) of a material element that is subjected to

canonical momentum, which is not gauge invariant and not a measurable physical quantity for charged particles in an electromagnetic field. In that case, the

periodic table and was not known to be associated with any measurable physical quantity. In brief, the law states that the square root of the frequency of

radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage. It is derived from the physical quantity absorbed dose, but also takes into account the biological effectiveness

observable associated to the physical quantity. It has the property that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors determine the physical quantity and the states which

location as a sound energy quantity. Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure. Human hearing is sensitive to sound pressure which

To calculate the value of stochastic health risk in sieverts, the physical quantity absorbed dose is converted into equivalent dose and effective dose

possible states are called three-valued logic. In a digital signal, the physical quantity representing the information may be a variable electric current or

considered to be the sequence of codes represented by such a physical quantity. The physical quantity may be a variable electric current or voltage, the intensity

variable is usually the wavelength of the light or a closely derived physical quantity, such as the corresponding wavenumber or the photon energy, in units

engineering, structural engineering, and electrical engineering. The physical quantity that is oscillating varies greatly, and could be the swaying of a

using negative feedback for automatic control. A setpoint can be any physical quantity or parameter that a control system seeks to regulate, such as temperature

some years whether energy was a substance (the caloric) or merely a physical quantity.[full citation needed] The development of steam engines [when?] required

pseudotensor quantity according to the second definition. Action (physics) – Physical quantity of dimension energy × time Conservation law – Scientific law regarding

and shortages. Stalin's formulations of national plans in terms of physical quantity of output was also attributed by Daniels as a source for the stagnant

three causes: the physical quantity itself flows through the surface that bounds the volume, there is a source of the physical quantity on the surface of

through a coil of 10 turns produces an MMF of 20 A⋅t. The corresponding physical quantity is N⋅I, the product of the number of turns, N, and the current, I;

unknown condition to generate a value with a known relation to the physical quantity being measured. This is commonly used in switched-capacitor operational

equivalence principle. In classical mechanics, a gravitational field is a physical quantity. A gravitational field can be defined using Newton's law of universal

for a proof). In particular, it is always nonnegative. There is a physical quantity closely linked to free energy (free enthalpy), with a unit of entropy

unit mass. S F = F / m {\displaystyle \mathrm {SF} =F/m} It is a physical quantity of kind acceleration, with dimension of length per time squared and

Drainage density is a quantity used to describe physical parameters of a drainage basin. First described by Robert E. Horton, drainage density is defined

In physics and engineering, Coenergy (or co-energy) is a non-physical quantity, measured in energy units, used in theoretical analysis of energy in physical

Although in physics and mathematics the notation to represent a physical quantity can be arbitrary, it is generally accepted in the literature, such

{\displaystyle G=I/V} ), or the conductance of a single molecule, is a physical quantity in molecular electronics. Molecular conductance is dependent on the

certainty (i.e., with probability equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity

related to Norges Bank's foreign-exchange reserves as well as the physical quantity of gold owned by the same central bank. During the eras of the gold

process pipes in industry. In tomography the 3D distribution of some physical quantity in the object is determined. There is a widespread need to get tomographic

Normal contact stiffness is a physical quantity related to the generalized force displacement behavior of rough surfaces in contact with a rigid body

observed (experimental) values. That is, the experimental value of the physical quantity yields practical applications, but due to their empirical nature the

converts from the analog physical quantity of a capacitance. That capacitance could be a proxy for some other physical quantity, such as the distance some

has quantized energy levels, uses quantum coherence to measure a physical quantity, or uses entanglement to improve measurements beyond what can be done

(wave–particle duality), and there are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of

PINO in 2001. The company's name comes from the Zero Moment Point, a physical quantity related to the dynamics of legged systems. More recently, they released

SR shows that these concepts are all different aspects of the same physical quantity in much the same way that it shows space and time to be interrelated

Consider a system of differential equations that describes some physical quantity, that for concreteness could represent one of three examples: 1. the

value of one, multiplying any physical quantity by such a conversion factor (which is 1) does not change that physical quantity. 52.8 f t s = 52.8 f t s 1

the possible results are quantized. Postulate II.a Every measurable physical quantity A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} is described by a Hermitian operator

quantity. If, by a shorthand convention, it is understood that each physical quantity is the corresponding ratio with a coherent Planck unit (or "expressed

page 1 that "every physical quantity must be measurable in numerical terms". They presume that temperature is a physical quantity and then deduce the

unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of physical reality corresponding to this physical quantity. [Italics in original]

being solved. More generally an analog computer uses one kind of physical quantity to represent the behavior of another physical system, or mathematical

freedom in its choice, then it should not be interpreted as a real physical quantity. After all, if we can freely choose ∇ ⋅ A {\displaystyle \nabla \cdot

of electro-acoustic transducer Sensor – Converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal Sonar – Acoustic sensing method Hodges

ampere, mole, and candela representing seven fundamental types of physical quantity, or "dimensions", (time, length, mass, temperature, electric current

(even) authentic tensor densities of weight 0. Action (physics) – Physical quantity of dimension energy × time Conservation law – Scientific law regarding

Agreed-upon meaning of a physical quantity being positive or negative

sensor converts light rays into electronic signals. It measures the physical quantity of light and then translates it into a form readable by an instrument

Physical quantity

dimensions Dimension (metadata), in information science Dimension (physical quantity), the basic quantities measured (length, time, ...) Dell Dimension

equation", because j in those cases does not represent the flow of a real physical quantity. In the case that q is a conserved quantity that cannot be created

reciprocal of density Volume-specific quantity, the quotient of a physical quantity and volume ("per unit volume"), also called volumic quantities: Specific

Physical quantity, density of magnetic moment per volume

'\right|} . If the magnitude of v3 were to describe a measurable physical quantity, that would mean that the laws of physics would not appear the same

Physical quantity representing energy content per unit mass

measurement resolution, which is the smallest change in the underlying physical quantity that produces a response in the measurement. In numerical analysis

computer represents a datum as a voltage, distance, position, or other physical quantity. A digital computer represents a piece of data as a sequence of symbols

Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold in the atmosphere

of radioactive atoms. Because the probability of decay is a fixed physical quantity, for a known number of atoms of a particular radionuclide, a predictable

measurement. [citation needed] In quantum mechanics each measurable physical quantity of a quantum system is called an observable which, for example, could

the polar coordinate system of fig. 4 can be assigned a (scalar) physical quantity, e.g. luminance, contrast, etc.. This quantity can then be represented

Converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal

Converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal

after Lev Landau who introduced it in 1942, refers to a dimensionless physical quantity characterizing the curvature of the isentrope drawn on the specific

important idea is the flux, or rate of transfer of some important physical quantity considered (like electric or magnetic fluxes). In these sorts of systems

applies the forces. Sensors often tend to be sensitive to more than one physical quantity. Pressure sensors show false signal when they are exposed to vibrations

non-coherent derived unit, with 1 mps = 3.6 m/s. A definition of a physical quantity is a statement that determines the ratio of any two instances of the

biology – Use of Magnesium by organisms Membrane potential – Type of physical quantity Potassium in biology – Use of Potassium by organisms Selenium in biology –

biology – Use of Magnesium by organisms Membrane potential – Type of physical quantity Selenium in biology – Use of Selenium by organisms Sodium in biology –

, the trajectory of a particle), the statistical average of some physical quantity (e.g., average magnetization), and the ground state energy of a quantum

point in a space. The scalar is a mathematical number representing a physical quantity. Examples of scalar fields in applications include the temperature

sliding down the wall at a rate of 9/4 meters per second. Because one physical quantity often depends on another, which, in turn depends on others, such as

embeddingPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Pseudovector – Physical quantity that changes sign with improper rotation Tangential and normal components

generally maintained the principle that the numerical value of a physical quantity is not meaningful or does not exist until it is measured.: 248  Prominent

Physical quantity of dimension energy × time

substance. These, together with their derived units, can measure any physical quantity. Derived units may have their own unit name, such as the watt (J/s)

fluid mechanics Quantum vortex – Quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity Rankine vortex – Mathematical formula for viscous fluid Shower-curtain

GRACE satellites. Mascons are often reported in terms of a derived physical quantity called "equivalent water thickness", "equivalent water height", or

Physical quantity of circuits related to magnetic flux, voltage and current

Physical quantity

unit of electrical charge (1 coulomb = 1 ampere × 1 second) is a physical quantity that cannot be expressed purely in terms of the mechanical units (kilogram

The single-particle spectrum is a distribution of a physical quantity such as energy or momentum. The study of particle spectra allows us to see the global

finite-precision number (usually a fixed-point binary number) into a physical quantity (e.g., a voltage or a pressure). In particular, DACs are often used

Physical quantity

measurable——typically on an interval or ratio scale——especially a continuous physical quantity, then such targets usually are not listed among those needing the

Model selection techniques can be considered as estimators of some physical quantity, such as the probability of the model producing the given data. The

kinetic energy would be dissipated through friction as heat. Like any physical quantity that is a function of velocity, the kinetic energy of an object depends

station in Mississippi, US Orders of magnitude (specific energy) – Physical quantity representing energy content per unit massPages displaying short descriptions

relativity, mass and energy are two different ways of describing one physical quantity. If a physical system has energy, it also has the corresponding mass

principle of General Relativity using the Poincare Group to find a physical quantity that is conserved in gravitational radiation. These findings confirmed

stochastic health risk, calculations are performed to convert the physical quantity absorbed dose into equivalent and effective doses, the details of

essentially 1. For other radiation types, the RBE is not a well-defined physical quantity, since it varies somewhat with the type of tissue and with the precise

is the atomic number of the i th nucleus. The dipole observable (physical quantity) has the quantum mechanical dipole operator:[citation needed] p =

the time integral of voltage, but whether or not that represents a physical quantity depends on the nature of the voltage source. For a voltage generated

the critical temperature Tc. We want to describe the behavior of a physical quantity f in terms of a power law around the critical temperature; we introduce

of structure and function, the representation of information as a physical quantity, and quantitative properties of the complexity of real systems. Applications

which are jointly offered by a service. Phenomenon A ~ is a property (physical quantity) of a geoobject. Examples are air temperature, wind velocity, pollutant

remarkable accomplishment. This approach of setting limits on an unknown physical quantity was not new to Hipparchus (see Aristarchus of Samos. Archimedes also

damage that is certain to happen. These effects are compared to the physical quantity absorbed dose measured by the unit gray (Gy).: 61  When gamma radiation

vectors in a separable complex Hilbert space, while each measurable physical quantity (such as the energy or momentum of a particle) is associated with

settled subject. One reason for this is the existence of a well defined physical quantity called 'the entropy of a body'. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, as

(O) has a mass of about 16 grams. The quotient of some extensive physical quantity of a homogeneous sample by its amount of substance is an intensive

interconnection of food chains Ecological stoichiometry Energy – Physical quantity Lindeman RL (1942). "The Trophic-Dynamic Aspect of Ecology" (PDF)

controllers are controllers that work on a signal that is proportional to a physical quantity (e.g. displacement, proportional to position) and its integral(s)

Physical quantity

accounts argue that by providing a lot of detail about the value and physical quantity of tangible products produced, but very little detail about those

Physical quantity in electromagnetism

Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. p. 1. In a simple feedback system a specific physical quantity is being controlled, and control is brought about by making an actual

and shortages. Stalin's formulations of national plans in terms of physical quantity of output was also attributed by Daniels as a source for the stagnant

the region considered to one position, centre of gravity is a real physical quantity, the point of a body where the gravitational force acts. They are

Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold in ocean water

Hamiltonian H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} . The expectation value of a physical quantity at equilibrium temperature T {\displaystyle T} , described by the

A thermometer is called primary or secondary based on how the raw physical quantity it measures is mapped to a temperature. As summarized by Kauppinen

binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage. Related to numeric representation

Consider a 1D situation where there is a jump in the scalar conserved physical quantity w {\displaystyle w} , which is governed by integral conservation law

1915 when his colleague Emmy Noether proved that every conserved physical quantity has a matching symmetry, and culminated in 1928 when he published

and shortages. Stalin's formulations of national plans in terms of physical quantity of output was also attributed by Daniels as a source for the stagnant

to be tidally locked. Conservation of angular momentum – Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentumPages displaying short descriptions

which generally involves subjects altering the magnitude of one physical quantity, such as the brightness of a light, so that its perceived intensity

a system of many particles, is described by a wavefunction. Every physical quantity is described by an operator acting on the system; the measured quantity

Levi-Civita symbol (equivalently, the Hodge star, in this context). As a physical quantity, this can be interpreted as the baryon current; it is conserved: ∂

to M1/2L1/2. Hence, neither charge nor current is an independent physical quantity in the CGS-EMU system. All electromagnetic units in the CGS-EMU system

absorption properties of the irradiated object. Absorbed dose is a physical quantity, and is not a satisfactory indicator of biological effect, so to allow

ħ = h/(2π), 4πε0, and kB take the value one, resulting in every physical quantity being normalized against its corresponding Planck unit. For that,

biology – Use of Magnesium by organisms Membrane potential – Type of physical quantity Potassium in biology – Use of Potassium by organisms Selenium yeast –

value of a variable by a physical quantity that is considered to be continuously variable, the magnitude of the physical quantity being made directly proportional

certainty (i.e., with probability equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity

measured by weighing (that is by gravimetric analysis) and the name of a physical quantity should not change simply because the method of its determination has

the adiabatic evolution is cyclic, then γ n ( t ) {\displaystyle \gamma _{n}(t)} becomes a gauge-invariant physical quantity, known as the Berry phase.

η, are defined, examining the power law behavior of a measurable physical quantity near the phase transition. Exponents are related by scaling relations

the computational methods used and does not represent a measurable physical quantity, although comparisons of resonance energies computed under similar

the Earth's surface Conservation of angular momentum – Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentumPages displaying short descriptions

experiment with a defined relationship to a unit of measurement of a physical quantity. Standards are the fundamental reference for a system of weights and

from ensemble to ensemble. However, the mean obtained for a given physical quantity does not depend on the ensemble chosen at the thermodynamic limit

number is defined to be the ratio of the rate of convection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of diffusion of the same quantity driven by

surrounding kernels. For any given particle i {\displaystyle i} , some physical quantity A i {\displaystyle A_{i}} is calculated as a convolution of A j {\displaystyle

Hele-Shaw channel, one can define the depth-averaged version of any physical quantity, say φ {\displaystyle \varphi } by ⟨ φ ⟩ ≡ 1 h ∫ 0 h φ d z . {\displaystyle

landform Physical impacts of climate change Stress (mechanics) – Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material Isostatic

defined far away from the experimental chamber, still works. The physical quantity he proposed as fundamental is the quantum mechanical amplitude for

particle with optimal phase to the applied field, and is the relevant physical quantity. A quantity named transit time factor T ( β ) = | V ∥ | V 0 {\displaystyle

(typically an electricity retailer) agrees to purchase a specified physical quantity of energy from the spot market at a set price (the “strike price”)

Differential Geometry Material derivative – Time rate of change of some physical quantity of a material element in a velocity field Structure tensor – Tensor

redirect targets Quantum vortex – Quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity Random matrix – Matrix-valued random variable Topological defect –

other objects just as its mass density does. This happens because the physical quantity that causes matter to generate gravitational effects is the stress–energy

Physical quantity of ideal and quantum gases

gridded and tabular data as multidimensional arrays or tables Unit and physical quantity conversions Physical constants specific to astronomy Celestial coordinate

t}}+\mathbf {v} \cdot {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\,.} Applied to any physical quantity, the material derivative includes the rate of change at a point and

circumstances, the adiabatic ionization energy is often a more interesting physical quantity since it describes the difference in energy between the two potential

point under consideration. However, the stress tensor itself is a physical quantity and as such, it is independent of the coordinate system chosen to

sinusoidal alternating current. Since the electric current I is a physical quantity, it must be real-valued. As a result, it can be shown that the constants

number. The value of F ( x , t ) {\displaystyle F(x,t)} can be any physical quantity of interest assigned to the point x {\displaystyle x} that may vary

energy can be seen as two names for the same underlying, conserved physical quantity. He has stated that the laws of conservation of energy and conservation

symbolist spirit, which sees nature's spiritual quality as well as its physical quantity. This spirit connects people with nature and binds the natural with

local speed and other aspects of life. The actual measurement of a physical quantity, and the comparison of that measurement to a value computed on the

often labeled by ct. This changes the dimension of the addressed physical quantity from <Time> to <Length>, in accordance with the dimension associated

certainty (i.e., with probability equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity

String. Typically, user-defined types are derived, to associate physical quantity, unit, nominal values, and other attributes: type Voltage =

immunoassay – Diagnostic immunoassay using magnetic beads Magnetization – Physical quantity, density of magnetic moment per volume Magnetogram (disambiguation)

– Sensors – (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or

certainty (i.e., with probability equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity

effect demonstrates that the vector potential couples to an observable physical quantity, namely the superconducting critical temperature. Soon after discovering

Type of physical quantity

as asymmetric. However, by the symmetry of the system, there is no physical quantity which distinguishes these coordinates. The same result could have

operators are then the possible results of measuring the corresponding physical quantity. In the Schrödinger theory, the simplest such object is the overall

momentum p is not gauge invariant, and therefore not a measurable physical quantity; However, if r is cyclic (i.e. Lagrangian is independent of position

Physical quantity related to surface tension

strength, then become quantum operators. In order to distinguish a physical quantity from the quantum mechanical operator used to describe it, a "hat"

transconductance transducer An instrument that converts a physical quantity into another electrical or physical quantity. transfer function The mathematical relation

interpretation is statistical: the result of a measurement of the physical quantity corresponding to the matrix A is random, with an average value equal

certainty (i.e., with probability equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity

theory according to which the criterion of progress consisted of the physical quantity of material goods being produced. This system was, paradoxically,

t)} being an arbitrary vector field, without affecting the relevant physical quantity which is v {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} } . The non-uniqueness is usually

is a purely mathematical result. No reference has been made to any physical quantity or principle. It simply states that the uncertainty of one operator

physical phenomena, the model parameters that describe the system, the physical quantity that describes the state of the physical system and observations commonly

extending from a wall cloud toward the precipitation core. temperature A physical quantity expressing the thermal motion of a substance, such as a mass of air

equivalent heating power and, in fact, it doesn't represent any useful physical quantity. Unknown; Dawson, Stephen. "Why there is no such thing as 'RMS watts'

and shortages. Stalin's formulations of national plans in terms of physical quantity of output was also attributed by Daniels as a source for the stagnant

giving the time from when a frequency component of a time varying physical quantity—for example a voltage signal—appears at the LTI system input, to the

Energy value of coal Orders of magnitude (specific energy density) – Physical quantity representing energy content per unit massPages displaying short descriptions

this physical quantity. When a coherent spatial structure emerges, it better reflects the physical processes that drive the evolution of the physical quantity

resistivity of the material (K⋅m/W). An apparent R-value quantifies the physical quantity called thermal insulance. However, this generalization comes at a

descriptions as a fallback Orders of magnitude (specific energy density) – Physical quantity representing energy content per unit massPages displaying short descriptions

Physical quantity carried in photons

ecosystems in cool to cold water in middle latitudes Temperature – Physical quantity of hot and cold Tension-leg platform – Type of offshore platform used

represented in equations by h {\displaystyle h} . This means that the physical quantity of any particle can be obtained by summing the relevant properties

was extended to permit the promotion of standards relating to any physical quantity which greatly increased the scope of the CIPM's remit and implicitly

Riemann curvature tensor), and on the right hand stands a purely physical quantity, the trace of the stress–energy tensor. Einstein gleefully pointed

of area, being 1 cubit by 100 cubits, or 100 square cubits (or a physical quantity of equal area). Consider a rectangular plot of land measuring 10 khet

model additionally yields the subgrid kinetic energy, which may be a physical quantity of interest. These improvements are achieved at a somewhat increased

absorption, fluence, reflectance, or transmittance. Given a specific physical quantity, G(x,y,z), from a pencil beam in Cartesian space and a collimated

rotation. Alternatively, one may ask how, for a single observer, a physical quantity transforms if the state of the system is rotated. Consider, for example

(which permitted multiple dimensional representations of a given physical quantity under which its dimensions might be altered, or its occurrence made

real roots in a given interval (for example, when roots represents a physical quantity, only the real positive ones are interesting). For finding one root

Physical quantity

the very end. Her other name is revealed at the end: Xing ("star".) Physical quantity Alternation Natural Deconstruction Organized Research Agency (PANDORA)

temperature has been employed. The associated time evolution of a relevant physical quantity P {\displaystyle P} , often the energy, is monitored and displays

story, Marx defines the magnitude of "value" simply as the ratio of a physical quantity of product to a quantity of average labour-time, which is equal to

certainty (i.e., with probability equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity

islands not already occupied, with the obligation of paying annually a physical quantity of 20$00 réis, to care for the provision and payment of ecclesiastical

increased the rate of observed gravitational-wave events. An oscillating physical quantity cannot have precisely defined values at all phases of the oscillation

parameter arising in integration. Related, the physical constant are a physical quantity generally believed to be universal and unchanging. Programming constants

) {\displaystyle G({\vec {R}},{\vec {R}}';N)} the average of any physical quantity A {\displaystyle A} can be calculated. Assuming A {\displaystyle \textstyle

purely mathematical quantity, while the impulse vector includes a physical quantity (that is, ω n {\displaystyle \omega _{n}} and ζ {\displaystyle \zeta

for any biomedical instrument are as following below: Measurand: A physical quantity where the instrumentation systems would measure it. The human body

be unacceptable in a point-of-care setting. Fluence is a different physical quantity often used by aPDT practitioners, which considers the backscattering