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searching for Spherical Earth 82 found (218 total)

Vertical and horizontal (2,135 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

(i.e., with a zero vertical component) may leave the surface of the spherical Earth and indeed escape altogether. In the context of a 1-dimensional orthogonal

History of geodesy (12,812 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

heavens being a physical dome spanning over it. Early arguments for a spherical Earth pointed to various more subtle empirical observations, including how

De sphaera mundi (754 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

De sphaera mundi (Latin title meaning On the Sphere of the World, sometimes rendered The Sphere of the Cosmos; the Latin title is also given as Tractatus

Chamberlin trimetric projection (600 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

later developed for calculating this projection by computer for a spherical Earth. The Chamberlin trimetric projection is neither conformal nor equal-area

Isoazimuth (412 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

The isoazimuth is the locus of the points on the Earth's surface whose initial orthodromic course with respect to a fixed point is constant. That is, if

Minute and second of arc (3,331 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

originally defined as the arc length of a minute of latitude on a spherical Earth, so the actual Earth circumference is very near 21600 nmi. A minute

Schuler tuning (902 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

"north", "east" and "down", so it gives correct directions on the near-spherical Earth. It is widely used in electronic control systems. As first explained

Chapman function (906 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the integration of atmospheric absorption along a slant path on a spherical Earth, relative to the vertical case. It applies to any quantity with a concentration

Meteorology (Aristotle) (3,118 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article

Meteorology (Greek: Μετεωρολογικά; Latin: Meteorologica or Meteora) is a treatise by Aristotle. The text discusses what Aristotle believed to have been

Trajectory (fluid mechanics) (467 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

corrections. These are necessary for geophysical fluid flows on a spherical Earth. The differential equations for tracing a two-dimensional, atmospheric

Vincenty's formulae (2,691 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such as great-circle distance. The first (direct) method computes

Planisphaerium (243 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the second century by Ptolemy to describe the representation of a spherical Earth by a map drawn in the plane. Planisphere Commandino, Federico, ed.

String girdling Earth (581 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

puzzle, string is tightly wrapped around the equator of a perfectly spherical Earth. If the string should be raised 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) off the ground

Book of Roads and Kingdoms (742 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

The maps have a flat quality, but the textual component implies a spherical Earth. Andalusi scholar Abi Bakr Zuhri explained, "Their objective is the

Tetrahedral hypothesis (833 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for a given volume, and makes a reasonable endpoint for a shrinking spherical Earth. The theory was first proposed by William Lowthian Green in 1875. It

Legendre's theorem on spherical triangles (799 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

consider an equilateral spherical triangle with sides of 60 km on a spherical Earth of radius 6371 km; the side corresponds to an angular distance of 60/6371=

Absurdity (2,873 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

was a reduction to absurdity arguing against a spherical Earth using dogma, claiming that a spherical Earth would imply the existence of antipodes. He argued

Geographic coordinate system (2,379 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively):

1st millennium BC (1,642 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Lighthouse of Alexandria Malleable Cast iron China buoyancy (Archimedes) Spherical Earth water clock Qin built and unified various sections of the Great Wall

Extremely low frequency (3,953 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

add (reinforce), causing standing waves. In other words, the closed spherical Earth–ionosphere cavity acts as a huge cavity resonator, enhancing ELF radiation

Azimuth (1,767 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

declination and hour angle at a specific location, modify the formula for a spherical Earth. Replace φ2 with declination and longitude difference with hour angle

Luna 20 (697 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Model of the Luna sample return lander with soil sample scoop - the ascent stage is the smaller cylinder with spherical Earth-return capsule on top.

Strata (novel) (1,526 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

thing on the flat "Earth" which does not match the geography of the spherical Earth they left. En route, the team encounter the superstitious Medieval

350 BC (509 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by an army comprising Rome and its allies. Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations. Also he discusses logical

A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (810 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

member of medieval society believed the Earth to be flat. The idea of a spherical Earth had long been espoused in the classical tradition and was inherited

Miraikan (690 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the 'AuthaGraph world map' succeeds in transferring an image of the spherical Earth to a flat surface while evenly distributing distortion." Every year

Firmament (2,941 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

theoreticians like Aristotle and Ptolemy ushered in the notions of a spherical Earth and an Earth floating in the center of the cosmos as opposed to resting

Macrobius (1,757 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maps showing the Ptolemaic climates derived from the concept of a spherical Earth and a diagram showing the Earth (labeled as globus terrae, the sphere

Mexica (2,740 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Tenochtitlan in 1337. Calling their new home Tlatelolco ("Place of the Spherical Earth Mound"), the Tlatelolca were to become Tenochtitlan's persistent rivals

Longitude (4,148 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Hipparchus (2nd century BCE) used a coordinate system that assumed a spherical Earth, and divided it into 360° as we still do today. His prime meridian

Theodosius' Spherics (1,465 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Eudoxus, who probably established a two-sphere model of the cosmos (spherical Earth and celestial sphere) sometime between 370–340 BC. The Spherics is

Surface wave (2,977 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

calculations of ground wave field intensity over a finitely conducting spherical earth," Proc. IRE, vol. 29, pp. 623–639, 1941. G. Goubau, "Surface waves

N-vector (1,099 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the great circle distance between two horizontal positions (assuming spherical Earth) is usually done by means of latitude and longitude. Three different

Sub-orbital spaceflight (3,617 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

maximum altitude for a given range can be calculated, d, assuming a spherical Earth of circumference 40000 km and neglecting the Earth's rotation and atmosphere

Hollow Earth (5,010 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

heaven caused an enormous funnel to appear in previously solid and spherical earth, as well as an enormous mountain opposite it, "Purgatory". In Native

James R. Wait (1,977 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

1957 The transient behavior of the electromagnetic ground wave on a spherical earth 1958 Pattern of an antenna on a curved lossy surface 1958 On the measurement

Self-gravitation (1,160 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

model that does not take self-gravity into account, as opposed to a spherical Earth where self-gravity is taken into account because of the sensitivity

USGS DEM (577 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the quadrangle must slightly distort to map such locations onto the spherical Earth. This distortion usually manifests as a rotated square, hence the elevation

Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection (1,942 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Plate 3, et passim. "Map Projections: From Spherical Earth to Flat Map". United States Department of the Interior. 2008-04-29

Cosmology (3,263 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

model), static, steady state, finite extent, infinite time Static and spherical Earth is surrounded by 43 to 55 concentric celestial spheres, which are material

Earth–ionosphere waveguide (1,545 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

diverges. In addition, it becomes necessary to take into account the spherical Earth. Mode theory which is the sum of eigen-modes in the Earth–ionosphere

Geodesy (4,184 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

dome spanning over it.[citation needed] Two early arguments for a spherical Earth were that lunar eclipses appear to an observer as circular shadows

Organic user interface (980 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

interfaces, which were previously limited to distorted flat projections of spherical Earth data. Form follows flow: OUIs physically adapt to the context of a

Johann Heinrich Lambert (2,267 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

mathematician to address the general properties of map projections (of a spherical Earth). In particular he was the first to discuss the properties of conformality

Early Greek cosmology (2,348 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

was not immediate. Geographers like Ctesias and Ephorus rejected a spherical Earth in the 4th century BC. Among authors from the early Roman Empire, Strabo

Maidenhead Locator System (1,933 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

calculations are carried out between Maidenhead subsquare centres, assuming a spherical Earth. This results in a small error in distance, but makes calculations

Orbital mechanics (5,821 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

effects which make real orbits differ from the simple models based on a spherical Earth. Most of them can be handled on short timescales (perhaps less than

350s BC (2,529 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

by an army comprising Rome and its allies. Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations. Also he discusses logical

Graticule (cartography) (713 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

graticule is of ancient origin, being almost as old as the concept of the spherical Earth, coordinate system for measuring geographic locations, and the map

Manifold (9,476 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used when discussing analytic manifolds in algebraic geometry. The spherical Earth is navigated using flat maps or charts, collected in an atlas. Similarly

Graticule (cartography) (713 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

graticule is of ancient origin, being almost as old as the concept of the spherical Earth, coordinate system for measuring geographic locations, and the map

Manifold (9,476 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

used when discussing analytic manifolds in algebraic geometry. The spherical Earth is navigated using flat maps or charts, collected in an atlas. Similarly

Islamic mythology (5,390 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

world was not flat. Islamic astronomy was developed on the basis of a spherical earth inherited from Hellenistic astronomy. The Islamic theoretical framework

Beatus map (1,164 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

illustrate a spherical globe, similar to a T-O map. The concept of a spherical Earth already became the dominant opinion in the Middle Ages. The Earth is

Atmospheric radiative transfer codes (2,587 words) [view diff] no match in snippet view article find links to article

[20] Gordley et al. (1994) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes line-by-line No No spherical (Earth and Mars), plane-parallel freely available with restrictions web interface

Burt's solar compass (3,548 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the field, and any error could have extensive effects. Assuming a spherical Earth, if a straight line were drawn from the rising to the setting sun,

Langley extrapolation (969 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

to account for Rayleigh scattering, and atmospheric refraction by a spherical Earth. Di Justo and Gertz compiled a handbook for using Arduino to develop

The Discarded Image (2,994 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

" He then briefly summarizes the Ptolemaic universe: "The central spherical Earth is surrounded by a series of hollow and transparent globes ... These

Wigner–Weyl transform (3,168 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Eratosthenes in the ancient world that a flat Earth was deformable to a spherical Earth, with deformation parameter 1/R⊕.) E.g., one may define a noncommutative

The Guide for the Perplexed (4,984 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

world-view asserted in the work is essentially Aristotelian, with a spherical Earth in the centre, surrounded by concentric Heavenly Spheres. While Aristotle's

Dating creation (5,113 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

together. The Sanskrit speaking Aryans subscribed to the idea of a spherical earth in an era when the Greeks believed in a flat one. The Indians before

De rerum natura (6,892 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

first book stressing the absurdity of the (by then well-established) spherical Earth theory, favoring instead a flat Earth cosmology. Drawing on these,

Data and information visualization (7,866 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

latitude and longitude at least by 200 BC, and the map projection of a spherical Earth into latitude and longitude by Claudius Ptolemy [c. 85–c. 165] in Alexandria

Timeline of cosmological theories (9,835 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

universe) is finite in extent but infinite in time. He argued for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations. Aristotle adopted and

Science in classical antiquity (6,342 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

tendency to move toward the center of the universe, thereby forming a spherical Earth. Since the celestial bodies (i.e., the planets and stars) were seen

FlightGear (5,106 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

for celestial navigation. There is a model of gravity based on a non-spherical Earth, and craft can even experience differing gravity across their bodies

Wang Zhenyi (astronomer) (3,142 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

astronomical and geographical terms to advocate for the concept of a spherical Earth and revealing the idea of relative spatial positions, a significant

Salvator Mundi (Leonardo) (11,811 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

fixed celestial crystalline sphere (composed of aether), with the spherical Earth at the center of the universe. "So what you've got in the Salvator

Historical models of the Solar System (7,775 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

varying brightness of planets problem. Copernicus also supported the spherical Earth theory with the idea that nature prefers spherical limits which are

Shen Kuo (12,176 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Press. Jin, Zumeng. (1996) A Critique of ‘Zhang Heng’s Theory of a Spherical Earth in Fan, Dainian and Cohen, Robert Sonné (eds.). Chinese Studies in

Timeline of scientific discoveries (10,204 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

constructions. 5th century BC: The earliest documented mention of a spherical Earth comes from the Greeks in the 5th century BC. It is known that the Indians

History of the metric system (12,411 words) [view diff] case mismatch in snippet view article find links to article

Condorcet actually said, "measurement of an eternal and perfectly spherical earth is a measurement for all people for all time". He did not know what

A Scientific Theology (3,109 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

principle provisional, it seems unlikely that we will ever get rid of a spherical Earth, the Periodic Table, the million year long time scales of biologists

History of longitude (10,318 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

the method of determining longitude from lunar eclipses, assuming a spherical Earth. The method is described in the Sûrya Siddhânta, a Sanskrit treatise

Ptolemy's map of Ireland (1,819 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

surface – of the Earth when constructing maps. Ptolemy believed in a spherical Earth within geocentric model of the universe, and based his calculations

De opificio mundi (John Philoponus) (1,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Like Basil of Caesarea's Hexaemeron, John's work explained that the spherical Earth was contained in a spherical heaven. This he says goes against the

De opificio mundi (John Philoponus) (1,089 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article

Like Basil of Caesarea's Hexaemeron, John's work explained that the spherical Earth was contained in a spherical heaven. This he says goes against the

Mercator 1569 world map (6,274 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

Mercator's 1569 map was a large planisphere, i.e. a projection of the spherical Earth onto the plane. It was printed in eighteen separate sheets from copper

Timeline of Solar System astronomy (13,493 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

that of the Sun and the Moon. c. 350 BCE – Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations. Also, he asserts his conception

Jacques du Chevreul (3,876 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

a circular shadow on the Moon during an eclipse as arguments for a spherical Earth. Chapter 3 De ordine partium This chapter discusses du Chevreul's comments

Pseudo-range multilateration (10,589 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

very low altitudes. Razin developed a closed-form algorithm for a spherical Earth. Williams and Last extended Razin's solution to an osculating sphere

Avestan period (8,449 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

period, where Iranian scholars like al-Biruni fused the knowledge of a spherical Earth with the Iranian concept of the seven regions. In the Avesta, numerous