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Longer titles found: Femtosecond pulse shaping (view), Serial femtosecond crystallography (view)

searching for Femtosecond 343 found (463 total)

alternate case: femtosecond

Mode locking (3,839 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article

of picoseconds (10−12 s) or femtoseconds (10−15 s). A laser operated in this way is sometimes referred to as a femtosecond laser, for example, in modern

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), second generation of ReLEx Femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx), is a form of laser based refractive eye

IntraLase brand femtosecond laser, the method is called IntraLASIK; other femtosecond lasers such as the Ziemer create a flap similarly. Femtosecond lasers have

energy ranges; some common methods are listed below. Dynamics on the femtosecond time scale are in general too fast to be measured electronically. Most

surgical device. A microkeratome is usually used to cut the flap, but a femtosecond laser can also be used to make the flap.[citation needed] Before the

options for cutting into the cornea, the microkeratome and the femtosecond laser. The femtosecond laser emits ultrashort pulses that act as a blade to cut through

femtochemistry, since the typical times studied are of the order of 1 femtosecond = 10−15 s. This subject has been recognized by the award of the 1999

removed by suction. A more recent and less common variation of this, femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification surgery, uses a laser to make the

demonstration of rapid near-IR femtosecond pulse shaping is based on his original approach of Fourier Transform Femtosecond Pulse Shaping that utilizes a

non-alkali glass and borosilicate glass, using a 50 kHz, 5W high-power femtosecond laser. The working principle developed by Kamata et al. is the following

nanostructured glass for permanently recording digital data using a femtosecond laser writing process. Discs using this technology could be capable of

Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), also known as femtosecond electron diffraction (FED), is a pump-probe experimental method based on the combination

effect. In 2020 researchers combined cationic polymer adsorption and femtosecond laser surface structuring to generate a bactericidal effect against both

shorter the detection time, the better the resolution. As a result, femtosecond laser spectroscopy offers better resolution than nanosecond laser spectroscopy

continuous wave (cw), 488 nm cw, or pulsed sources such as the 800 nm femtosecond pulsed Ti:Sapphire or 1064 nm nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG. The meaning of

have been used to varying degrees. A 2008 study explored the usage of femtosecond laser irradiation to create permanent spatial arrangements in transparent

correction) femtosecond laser pulses using an adaptive pulse shaper. When an ultrashort laser pulse reaches a duration of less than a few hundred femtosecond, it

orientation of the laser electric field. Since the wide availability of femtosecond lasers, such structures have been observed on metals, semiconductors

tunable laser design, prismatic beam expanders prism compressors for femtosecond pulse lasers. Beam expander Laser linewidth Multiple-prism grating laser

and Baikuff suggested this technique in 1979. This technique uses a femtosecond laser to do capsulotomy. The laser produces a precisely spaced row of

structure and electronic excitations at surfaces. The technique utilizes femtosecond to picosecond laser pulses in order to first photoexcite an electron

improvement of the contrast of the temporal and spatial profiles of femtosecond pulses. Since cubic crystals are used as nonlinear media they are isotropic

producing lasers for the medical industry and for eye surgery. The femtosecond laser, developed by IntraLase corporation and now owned by AMO, is trademarked

are acting like a glue sticking atoms together, heating electrons by a femtosecond laser alters the properties of this "glue", which may break the bonds

spin allowed, the process can occur very rapidly (on a picosecond or femtosecond timescale) and out-compete radiative decay (that generally occurs on

Engineering in 1989 for pioneering development in the field of picosecond and femtosecond optoelectronics. Siegel, Peter H. (September 2011). "Terahertz Pioneer:

regime a short, high power, femtosecond pulse is launched into the PCF or other highly nonlinear fiber. The femtosecond pulse may be considered as a

work on the dye laser, Schäfer also made important contributions to femtosecond lasers and the application of these lasers in plasma physics. Schäfer

on this topic, he is considered one of the pioneers of employing the femtosecond laser in cataract surgery. In the "Power List 2024" by the publication

Free electron lasers can also operate on far infrared wavelengths. Femtosecond Ti:sapphire mode-locked lasers are also being used to generate very short

synthesis methods for controlling the shape of femtosecond light pulses. These methods extend femtosecond pulse generation technology by providing the ability

application. Risk of fading is a main drawback. Femtosecond laser-assisted corneal tattooing: Femtosecond laser-assisted corneal tattooing is a new corneal

Askaryan. Self-focusing is often observed when radiation generated by femtosecond lasers propagates through many solids, liquids and gases. Depending on

270.5233.77. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 98705974. Weiner, A. M. (2000). "Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators" (PDF). Review of Scientific

are used to disclose the physics of ultra-fast phenomena in the few-femtosecond and attosecond time-domain. To generate a traveling pulse with an ultrashort

maximize the increase of the refractive index, a very short (typically femtosecond) laser pulses are used, and focused with a high NA microscope objective

addition to his work on OCT he has also contributed to the development of femtosecond lasers. Professor Fujimoto was elected a member of the National Academy

Leang (2012). "Simple method of measuring laser peak intensity inside femtosecond laser filament in air". Optics Express. 20 (1): 299–307. Bibcode:2012OExpr

is a professor of physics at the University of Oxford. She works on femtosecond spectroscopy for the analysis of semiconductor materials. Herz studied

theoretical paper laying the foundation for (optical) two-dimensional femtosecond spectroscopies. Hierarchical equations of motion "Y. Tanimura". theochem

Campinas (UNICAMP), Brito Cruz is engaged in research in which he uses femtosecond lasers to study ultrafast phenomena. Brito Cruz began his studies in

nanostructures and the group delay on laser mirrors. In the realm of femtosecond spectroscopy, SI is the technique on which SPIDER is based, thus it is

measurement, and application to physical systems of picosecond and femtosecond light pulses" Professor Ippen is also a member of the National Academy

ultrafast dynamics of surface chemical and physical reactions, particularly femtosecond laser-induced nonequilibrium phase transitions and chemical reactions

microstereolithography, and multiphoton processes. These use pulsed femtosecond lasers to deliver a precise dosage to induce absorption of energy, leading

recent examples, Suzuki, Hayden, and Stolow have pioneered the use of femtosecond excitation and ionization to follow excited state dynamics in larger

parametric oscillator was experimentally demonstrated in 1990, and in the femtosecond regime, it was experimentally demonstrated in 2012. Half-harmonic generation

Fourier transform techniques, and for contributions to the development of femtosecond frequency comb technology. 2010 Frédéric Merkt [de] For ground-breaking

numerous possibilities for conducting investigations of fast processes on a femtosecond scale in molecular and solid state physics to name but a few. The ALICE

Leibinger Innovation Prize for the development and commercialization of femtosecond laser surgical technology as well as the 2022 Golden Goose Award of the

in diameter lens that is inserted into a corneal pocket created by a femtosecond laser in the non-dominant eye of a presbyopic patient. The lens preserves

Her research considers the use of optical frequency metrology using femtosecond combs. Margolis studied physics at the University of Oxford. She completed

electronic devices and energy systems. He carried out theoretical studies on femtosecond laser interaction with metal and biological materials from molecular

nonlinear phenomena in physics including plasma physics and physics of femtosecond lasers. Specifically, he guided development of petawatt-class laser in

It has more than 20 scientific units (including the state-of-the-art Femtosecond Laser Complex) which are grouped around four research programs Traditionally

used to study myelin and myelopathies. In 2020, Scully and team used femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques via CARS to identify individual virus

described a technique combining keratopigmentation and the use of a femtosecond laser in the treatment of essential iris atrophy. This technique has

(orangish-red) to 560 nm (greenish-yellow), and produce pulses as short as 16 femtoseconds. Moreover, the dye can be replaced by another type in order to generate

centers. The three methods are electronic irradiation, ion injection, and femtosecond laser writing. This technique works by exposing the material to an electron

Chao-Ping; Linden, Patricia A.; Walla, Peter J. (26 September 2000). "Femtosecond dynamics of the forbidden carotenoid S1 state in light-harvesting complexes

Chao-Ping; Linden, Patricia A.; Walla, Peter J. (26 September 2000). "Femtosecond dynamics of the forbidden carotenoid S1 state in light-harvesting complexes

directly with a low-power semiconductor laser. Shorter pulses in the femtosecond regime might be possible in the future. Recently, the fast and spectrally

Exeter College, Oxford. He is best known for pioneering contributions to femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), interferometric scattering microscopy

co-author (with Jun Ye) of the standard reference for frequency combs titled Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications. Cundiff's

Audio signal processing, effects Ilford SFX, a photographic film Serial Femtosecond Crystallography, X-ray free-electron laser-based laboratory technique

source for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is desirable. If femtosecond lasers are used, the method can easily be extended to access excited

frequency quadrupoles, for his innovative work in the development of femtosecond beam synchronization techniques, and for dedication to the mentoring

rate up to 160 GHz were obtained. By using SESAM-assisted KLM, sub-six-femtosecond pulses directly from a Ti: Sapphire oscillator were achieved.[citation

Shenandoah's Pride milk brand Charles V. Shank, physicist, inventor of femtosecond lasers Schenck Schenk Shenk Shanks (disambiguation) This disambiguation

state potential well and starts to cross it (see Fig. 3a). In a few femtoseconds it takes the wave packet to cross the potential well, the laser intensity

demonstrating for the first time laser pulse lengths lasting less than 1 femtosecond. The method was used for the generation of higher harmonics and (as a

Diffraction and Spectroscopy of Photosystem II at Room Temperature Using Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses". In Kroneck PM, Sosa Torres ME (eds.). Sustaining Life

James G. Fujimoto (1990, quantum electronics) For his contributions to femtosecond quantum electronics and applications of subpicosecond lasers to studies

transients and photon counting statistics. He worked in the areas of femtosecond pulse production, multiphoton absorption in solids, and laser induced

allowed her to explore serial femtosecond crystallography using X-ray free-electron laser (XFELs). Serial femtosecond crystallography, SFX, can unravel

Research Department at Bell Labs and pioneer in ultrafast optics and femtosecond laser ophthalmology. Current director Thomas G. Brown: Noted for the

to make volume holograms in nonphotosensitive glass by exposing it to femtosecond laser pulses. In the case of a simple Bragg reflector the wavelength

S2CID 45462608. Dimitri T., Azar (2007). "Intracorneal alloplastic inclusions and femtosecond laser lamellar surgery". Refractive surgery (2nd ed.). Philadelphia:

in anatomy, a position made possible by the joint angle decreasing Femtosecond Lenticule EXtraction, a form of refractive eye surgery Flex circuit,

(2003). "Photoinduced phase transition of metallic SmS thin films by a femtosecond laser". Applied Physics Letters. 82 (21): 3641. Bibcode:2003ApPhL..82

regenerative medicine. Together with his collaborators, he has investigated femtosecond laser material processing,[third-party source needed][third-party source

320 scientific publications. Manz, Jörn; Wöste, Ludger, eds. (1995). Femtosecond chemistry. Weinheim: VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-61943-6. OCLC 232611397. Kühn

"Determining the charge distribution and the direction of bond cleavage with femtosecond anisotropic x-ray liquidography". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 522

waveguides Using Foturan for volume gratings Processing Foturan via excimer / femtosecond laser Foturan is mainly used for microstructure applications, where small

treatments, which can be removed over time, metals have been sculpted with femtosecond pulse lasers to produce the lotus effect. The materials are uniformly

Femtochemistry Mode-locking, a laser technique producing pulses in the femtosecond range Ultrashort pulse FEMTO - Fluidics enhanced molecular transfer operation

Oct 1997). "Generation of Coherent X-rays in the Water Window Using 5-Femtosecond Laser Pulses". Science. 278 (5338): 661–664. Bibcode:1997Sci...278..661S

operate at temperatures in excess of 1,295 °C, outperforming even type II femtosecond gratings. These are extremely attractive for ultra high temperature applications

controlled trials but further independent corroboration is still required. Femtosecond laser mode-locking, used during cataract surgery, was originally used

in a femtosecond laser-written five-mode interferometer, by a collaboration between universities of Vienna and Jena three photons in a femtosecond laser-written

pioneering contributions to the generation of ultra-short wavelength and femtosecond lasers and X-ray laser microscopy. Suckewer is a fellow of the American

image using conventional laser technology. Instead, Fielding employs femtosecond laser pulses to excite electrons to these highly excited Rydberg states

development of femtosecond nonlinear optical molecular imaging methods applied to single nanowire lasers and biological systems, femtosecond Deep UV SHG/SFG

some grid, where each measurement adds a pixel to the image. Employing femtosecond laser pulses, as was done in the Katz, Silberberg, and Xie groups, allows

original on 10 April 2013. Kimel, A.V.; Kirilyuk, A.; Rasing, T.H. (2007). "Femtosecond opto-magnetism: ultrafast laser manipulation of magnetic materials".

resonances. In molecules this is usually a femtosecond timescale, which amounts to ultrafast (femtosecond) internal conversion processes, accompanied

development of ultrafast laser plasma spectroscopies. She specialises in femtosecond laser-matter interactions. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry

demonstrated by an MIT research group, which produced a very compact femtosecond laser with a very fast repetition rate. An optical amplifier may be also

hydration shell before mixing with the outside bulk water could be in the femtosecond to picosecond range, and that near features conventionally regarded as

nanosecond tunable wavelength laser system series, won in 2010, and for the femtosecond laser FemtoLux 30, awarded in 2024. The company has also been recognized

reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10−15 seconds (one femtosecond). Geochemistry – chemical study of the mechanisms behind major systems

2016-02-02. "Touchable 3D holograms in daylight now possible using superfast femtosecond lasers". International Business Times UK. Retrieved 2016-02-12. Mitsubishi

the case of the KeraKlear, the intralamellar pocket is created with a femtosecond laser or a corneal pocket making microkeratome. The posterior cornea

conditions, inversely proportional to the cube of the pulse length. In labs, femtosecond laser pulses must be used because the ISRS becomes very weak if the pulses

carrying out cell gene transfection using an ultra-fast pulsed laser (femtosecond laser) and of plasmonic nanoparticles, typically gold or gold-silver

early cancerous changes by Raman microscopy, Raman molecular imaging and femtosecond laser spectroscopy. Visiting professor at the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones

fields of anterior segment and keratorefractive surgery, and the use of femtosecond laser during cataract surgery in the NHS. Daya has also used stem cell

and multiphoton processes in the ionization of Ar and Xe using intense femtosecond laser pulses". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

positive charging within the borders of exposure. Studies using EUV femtosecond pulses at the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) indicated thermal

applications in fundamental physics and, most recently, in the stabilization of femtosecond lasers to provide dramatic advances in optical frequency metrology".

space and time with ultrafast electron microscopy methods, providing femtosecond movies of nanoscale fields in and around nanostructures. More interestingly

sensors to be recorded with a single phase mask. Femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings - using femtosecond lasers to inscribe fiber Bragg gratings in optical

chemistry at University of Washington, Seattle. Her dissertation was titled Femtosecond pump-probe studies of chlorine dioxide, dichlorine monoxide, and nitrosyl

the University of Chicago with Graham Fleming where her thesis was on "Femtosecond solvent dynamics: observation of the inertial contribution to the solvent

acquisition technology developed earlier in the same lab to create a femtosecond real-time single-shot digitizer, and a single shot stimulated Raman spectrometer

Mechanics (QM/MM), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), and Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography Data". Accounts of Chemical Research. 50 (1): 41–48

et al. (July 2015). "Crystal structure of rhodopsin bound to arrestin by femtosecond X-ray laser". Nature. 523 (7562): 561–7. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..561K

the periphery to ~30 microns in the center. It is implanted under a femtosecond laser flap onto the stromal bed of the cornea, centered over a light-constricted

Lasers with ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths and nanosecond to femtosecond pulse widths have been used. Although atmospheric pressure MALDI is performed

utilising the bright X-rays generated by X-ray free-electron lasers. These femtosecond-duration pulses will allow for the (potential) imaging of single biological

Imaging Theory (Springer-Verlag, 2000). He is also the first author of Femtosecond Biophotonics: Core Techniques and Applications,(Cambridge University

Nürnberg, Dennis J.; Rutherford, A. William; van Thor, Jasper J. (2019). "Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy of chlorophyll f-containing photosystem I". Physical

controls of pulse polarization states is of exceptional use in measuring femtosecond vibrational circular dichroism signals from chiral organic compounds

Michigan. IMRA mainly conducts research on biomedical, battery and produces femtosecond lasers. The company sponsors the SeaHorses Mikawa, the 5-time champions

stabilizing and measuring optical frequencies, controlling the phase of femtosecond laser pulses, and measuring molecular transitions." 2009 Mikhail Lukin:

(2002). "Chromatic-distortion compensation in splitting and focusing of femtosecond pulses by use of a pair of diffractive optical elements". Optics Letters

linear dispersive media with absorption for scattering and propagation of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses" (PDF). Optics Letters. 16 (18): 1412–4. Bibcode:1991OptL

viable approach to building compact high-energy accelerators. Using femtosecond duration laser pulses, an electron accelerating gradient 0.69 GeV/m was

procedures. Optimax advertise as being the first company to introduce Femtosecond laser, IntraLASIK and Schwind lasers. In December 2012 Russell Keith

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy." 2005 Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei [محمد مصطفى البرادعي] 17

based pulse radiolysis system at BARC and promoted the nano, pico and femtosecond pump and probe techniques to study the chemical dynamics. He is reported

Clara; Schulte, Alfons; Lopez, Cedric; et al. (2004-04-01). "Direct femtosecond laser writing of waveguides in As2S3 thin films". Optics Letters. 29

Wardlaw, D. M.; Chrysostom, E. T.; Hayden, C. C.; Stolow, A. (Jan 2006). "Femtosecond multidimensional imaging of a molecular dissociation". Science. 311 (5758):

role has been played also by the direct inscription of the circuits by femtosecond lasers or UV lasers; these are serial fabrication technologies, which

which exploited the discrete spreading and self-focusing effects on 170-femtosecond pulses at 1550-nanometre wavelengths by a two-dimensional hexagonal array

"Triggering, guiding and deviation of long air spark discharges with femtosecond laser filament". AIP Advances. 2 (1): 012151. Bibcode:2012AIPA....2a2151F

Hopping Dynamics of 5f Electrons in the Mott Insulator UO2 Studied by Femtosecond Pump-Probe Spectroscopy". Physical Review Letters. 106 (20): 207402.

(February 2009). "Trace element fingerprinting of ancient Chinese gold with femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry". Journal of Archaeological

the reconstruction can be done numerically. In this setup part of the femtosecond pulse is used as a probe, the other one is converted to THz pulse and

phenomenon can be used to investigate peptide conformational dynamics with femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. Blanco, F. J.; Rivas, G.; Serrano, L. (1994)

A J; Hillenbrand, R; Sarkisov, S Y; Giessen, H (2014). "High-power femtosecond mid-IR sources for s-SNOM applications". Journal of Optics. 16 (9): 094003

Stiller Research Group: Quantum Opto-Acoustics Fattahi Research Group: Femtosecond Molecular Fieldsocopy Del'Haye Research Group: Microphotonics Zieske

techniques such as LASIK 3. Laser-assisted cataract surgery with Nd:Yag and Femtosecond lasers 4. Micro-incision cataract surgery 5. Glaucoma drainage devices

Neutze, Richard; Katona, Gergely (2017-03-01). "Asymmetry in serial femtosecond crystallography data". Acta Crystallographica Section A. 73 (2): 93–101

algorithms, and then worked with Marcos Dantus on genetic algorithms for femtosecond lasers. She earned her master's degree in physics at the University of

wire. Later explosive boiling was found to occur while using ultra fast femtosecond laser ablation. Although this kind of explosive boiling should occur

applications as a saturable for passively mode locked fibre lasers resulting in femtosecond pulses being produced. Lamellar tungsten disulphide is used as a dry

black gold can be formed by creating nanostructures on the surface. A femtosecond laser pulse deforms the surface of the metal, creating an immensely increased

(2635). Retrieved 1 July 2012. Ouellette, Jennifer (January 2008). "Femtosecond Lasers Prepare to Break Out of the Laboratory". Physics Today. 61 (1):

Leticia González; Marquetand; GonzáLez-Vázquez; Sola; GonzáLez (2012). "Femtosecond intersystem crossing in the DNA nucleobase cytosine". J. Phys. Chem.

and excited state dynamics of complex molecules in the gas phase using femtosecond laser spectroscopy. They also study carbon nanomaterials and develop

System IntraLase FS Laser Advanced CustomVue Procedure iFS Advanced Femtosecond Laser Cataract Products Tecnis Multifocal Intraocular lens ReZoom Multifocal

detect, with discernible peaks and narrow bandwidths. Picosecond and femtosecond pulse width lasers are often used due to the high peak field intensities

ultrafast, so-called femtosecond lasers. This new generation of lasers has the ability to generate pulses with durations of a few femtoseconds and even less

Beyerlein KR. (2017) Flow-aligned, single-shot fiber diffraction using a femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser. Cytoskeleton Wojtas DH., Ayyer K., Liang M

laser vision correction technology. In SMILE surgery, ZEISS VisuMax femtosecond laser is used to make a small incision and to create a pre-calculated

Southworth, S. H.; Rohringer, N.; DiMauro, L. F.; Doumy, G. (2010-07-01). "Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays". Nature. 466 (7302):

on both mica and glass substrates using Atomic force microscopy and Femtosecond crystallography. All other phototrophic systems in bacteria, algae, and

laser is capable of capturing images with a "shutter speed" measured in femtoseconds, or million-billionths of a second, necessary because the intensity of

use ultrafast laser pulses to measure reaction intermediates in the femtosecond timescale. Raman optical activity spectroscopy exploits Raman scattering

G (2011). "Teravolt-per-meter beam and plasma fields from low-charge femtosecond electron beams". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research

; Fitour, R.; Malka, V.; Rousse, A.; Beck, A.; Lefebvre, E. (2013). "Femtosecond x rays from laser-plasma accelerators". Reviews of Modern Physics. 85

(2019-05-01). "The Single Particles, Clusters and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography instrument of the European XFEL: initial installation"

development is the laser microtome, which cuts the target specimen with a femtosecond laser instead of a mechanical knife. This method is contact-free and

Khanyile, Thulile; Warner, Jamie H. (1 May 2014). "Graphene for improved femtosecond laser based pluripotent stem cell transfection". Journal of Biophotonics

Lamellar corneal resection with LDV Crystal line femtosecond laser after penetrating keratoplasty, in Femtosecond laser technology, Gark A, Editor. 2012, Jaypee

Fukasaku hydrochopping cannula, the Escaf ultrasonic ultrachopper, and the femtosecond laser. These prechop techniques allow surgeons to bypass the sculpting

Lamellar corneal resection with LDV Crystal line femtosecond laser after penetrating keratoplasty, in Femtosecond laser technology, Gark A, Editor. 2012, Jaypee

When can light go faster than light? The tunneling time and its sub-femtosecond measurement via quantum interference and it received an award from the

pump-probe microscopy has been improved after Ahmed Zewail's discovery of femtosecond time scale for chemical reaction and has awarded the Nobel Prize for

photosynthetic purple bacteriumThiorhodospira sibiricastudied by the near-IR femtosecond pump-probe method". Quantum Electronics. 35 (1): 107–110. doi:10

surface. Neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), CO2, green, femtosecond lasers can be used depending on the workpiece and adhesion requirements

growth solution, self-limited chemical vapor deposition, shaped pulse femtosecond laser techniques, plant and microbial approaches and molecular beam epitaxy

1016/S0275-1062(02)00095-4. Chin, S. L. (2006). "Some Fundamental Concepts of Femtosecond Laser Filamentation". Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science III

coefficients for a given photon wavelength. A study from Jan 2002 used a femtosecond laser tuned to 0.22 Picoseconds found the coefficient of D2O to be 42±5

photoisomerization behavior. However, the latest research utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy has suggested that the S2 state undergoes

Hauser, Andreas W.; Ernst, Wolfgang E.; Koch, Markus (2018-10-01). "Femtosecond photoexcitation dynamics inside a quantum solvent". Nature Communications

range of 1 μWcm−2 can be used to read/write magnetic information in femtosecond (10−15 s timescales) allowing high-speed, high-density data storage in

"Photoinduced phase transition in tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil observed in femtosecond reflection spectroscopy". Physical Review B. 70 (16): 165202. Bibcode:2004PhRvB

Detection Algorithm for Linear Dynamic Systems 1984 Andrew M. Weiner, Femtosecond Optical Pulse Generation and Dephasing Measurements in Condensed Matter

Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Controlling Chemical Reactions Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses". Universität Wien. "David Tannor". Fritz Haber Research

Society in 2021. His research focuses on ultrafast laser spectroscopy (femtosecond pulses) and thus investigates dynamics at surfaces. His group investigates

Institution of Electrical Engineers. Speaker biography for talk "Mid-IR Femtosecond Fiber and Solid-state Lasers", Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing

and growth process of gold nanoparticles initiated by nanosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation of aqueous solutions of [AuCl4]−. His group has also

most notable result was the demonstration of a new method to perform femtosecond-resolved electron spectroscopy in a Transmission Electron microscope

Siiman, Wei-zung Chang, Tong Zhou, and Almantas Galvanauskas, "Coherent femtosecond pulse combining of multiple parallel chirped pulse fiber amplifiers"

reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10−15 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name). History of mathematical chemistry – history of the

pp. 292–293 in Proc. LEOS 2001, Piscataway, NJ. Weiner, A.M. (2000). "Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators" (PDF). Rev. Sci. Instrum

| LASIK and PRK". 13 October 2016. "First Cataract Surgeries with a Femtosecond Laser Performed in the United States". "Ophthalmologist Houston | Stephen

produced in thulium doped YLF crystals irradiated by electron beam and femtosecond laser pulses". Optics Communications. 270 (2): 340–342. Bibcode:2007OptCo

1021/jp9930090. Lu, Hong; Long, Frederick H.; Eisenthal, K. B. (1990). "Femtosecond studies of electrons in liquids". Journal of the Optical Society of America

(2015): 040402. Szameit, Alexander, and Stefan Nolte. "Discrete optics in femtosecond-laser-written photonic structures." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular

where utilization of femtosecond lasers allows short-lived transition states to be monitored at a time scaled down to a few femtoseconds. Chemistry portal

in the field of high-speed optical communications, fiber-optic and, femtosecond laser technologies.[citation needed] Research groups are involved in

thorlabs.com. Retrieved 2019-09-24. "Thorlabs Announces Acquisition of Femtosecond Laser Product Line from idesta QE". thorlabs.com. Retrieved 2019-09-24

states. The excited state is unstable and the molecule dissociates within femtoseconds into hydrogen atom and a proton releasing kinetic energy (red arrow)

(Feb 2009). "Trace element fingerprinting of ancient Chinese gold with femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled mass spectrometry". Journal of Archaeological

Phys. Soc. Jpn, 74, 910, 2005. "Motion of an Atom under the Effect of Femtosecond Laser Pulses: From Chaos to Spatial Localization", V. I. Balykin, JETP

introduced a process for the preparation of donated corneal tissue using a femtosecond laser. This process is known as custom corneal tissue. Endothelial keratoplasty

FRET, FRAP, etc.), Multiphoton (TPEF, THG, SHG), Optical Tweezers and Femtosecond nanosurgery. ICFO's SLN facility is part of the European CORBEL and LaserLab

"Displacive lattice excitation through nonlinear phononics viewed by femtosecond X-ray diffraction". Solid State Communications. 169: 24–27. Bibcode:2013SSCom

strength and characteristic time scales. A pump-probe set-up employing femtosecond lasers was established and modeling efforts were initialized. Tromborg

Society. Retrieved 15 June 2011. Manz, Jrn; Wste, Ludger, eds. (1994). Femtosecond Chemistry. doi:10.1002/9783527619436. ISBN 9783527619436. Look in chapter

Krausz, "Chirped multilayer coatings for broadband dispersion control in femtosecond lasers," Opt. Lett. 19, 201–203 (1994) Cook, Caleb Q.; Amir, Ariel (20

drillcore samples from Lake Suigetsu, central Japan, obtained using femtosecond LA–ICP–MS". Journal of Quaternary Science. 35 (1–2): 66–80. doi:10.1002/jqs

pioneering and sustained contributions to ultrafast science ranging from femtosecond lasers to soft x-ray high-harmonic generation to attosecond studies of

irredeemably gruesome beast whose design should have been aborted a femtosecond after conception. While Subaru would like to convince us that "ugly ass"

produce high quality beams at arbitrary wavelengths. Visible and infrared femtosecond lasers were also applied for lithography. In that case photochemical

involves automated preparation of donor tissue, using a microkeratome or femtosecond laser. Corneal transplantation#Endothelial keratoplasty Corneal

LASIK provides a very high level of safety particularly when employing femtosecond laser flap creation (IntraLASIK) and eye tracker technology that tracks

physics at Harvard College, where she worked alongside Eric Mazur on femtosecond laser ablation.[citation needed] She was a graduate student in physics

L.; Vinkó, J.; Bor, Zs.; von der Linde, D. (1996). "Acceleration of femtosecond pulses to superluminal velocities by Gouy phase shift" (PDF). Applied

physics such as electron and tunnel microscopy, physical chemistry on the femtosecond scale, electronic surface localization, reverse photo-emission, atomic

(September 1996). "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAM's) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers". IEEE Journal of

flux of excitation photons is typically required, usually generated by femtosecond pulsed laser. For example, the same average laser power but without pulsing

(December 1985). "Impulsive stimulated scattering: General importance in femtosecond laser pulse interactions with matter, and spectroscopic applications"

techniques such as frequency doubling, single frequency operation and femtosecond pulse modelocking. Vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers VCSOAs

"Moving picture recording and observation of three-dimensional image of femtosecond light pulse propagation". Optics Express. 15 (22). The Optical Society:

Technology and contributed to chipped mirrors and the production of femtosecond light pulses. Ernő Rubik, born in Hungary in 1944 and for his invention

Goro; Nakamura, Yasunori (2018). "Ungerminated Rice Grains Observed by Femtosecond Pulse Laser Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy". J. Phys. Chem. B

Bagchi, Biman; Zewail, Ahmed H. (1 December 2002). "Biological Water: Femtosecond Dynamics of Macromolecular Hydration". The Journal of Physical Chemistry

(2015-05-07). "Structure of the Angiotensin receptor revealed by serial femtosecond crystallography". Cell. 161 (4): 833–844. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.04

Villeneuve, D.; Corkum, P.; Dörner, R. (2004). "Fully Differential Rates for Femtosecond Multiphoton Double Ionization of Neon". Physical Review Letters. 92 (21):

Nikogosyan, and G. Brambilla, "Long-Period Fiber Grating Fabrication by High-Intensity Femtosecond Pulses at 211 nm," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 2568- (2005)

Bellouard (2012). "Optically transparent glass micro-actuator fabricated by femtosecond laser exposure and chemical etching". Applied Physics Letters. 101 (10):

"Photoelectron imaging on time-dependent molecular alignment created by a femtosecond laser pulse", Phys. Rev. Lett., 86 (20): 4500–4503, Bibcode:2001PhRvL

Laser micro-scalpels are a combination of fluorescence microscopy and a femtosecond laser "can penetrate up to 250 micrometers into tissue and target single

including polishing, chemical etching, tapering, bending, as well as femtosecond grating inscription, have been proposed to tailor the light propagation

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy". He is the first Muslim chemist to be awarded the Nobel

S. Schorb, H. Stapelfeldt, M. Stener, S. Stern, S. Techert, et al., Femtosecond Photoelectron Diffraction on Laser-Aligned Molecules: Towards Time-Resolved

de Wette (Austin) 20 1995 Chemical Reactions and their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale Pierre Gaspard (Brussels) 21 2007 From Noncovalent Assemblies

(2002). "Time-bin entangled qubits for quantum communication created by femtosecond pulses". Physical Review A. 66 (6): 062308. arXiv:quant-ph/0205144. Bibcode:2002PhRvA

"Delivery of molecules into cells using carbon nanoparticles activated by femtosecond laser pulses". Nature Nanotechnology. 5 (8): 607–611. doi:10.1038/nnano

3D nanolithography technique. The sustained ~2 GW/cm2 intensity for femtosecond pulsed irradiation shows its potential in high power and/or harsh environment

achieved with the contrast enhancement by several orders of magnitude of mJ femtosecond pulse in Argon-filled hollow core fiber. Concatenation of pairs of Mamyshev

; Reis, D. A.; Bozek, J. D.; Bostedt, C.; Messerschmidt, M. (2010). "Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays". Nature. 466 (7302):

OCLC 58463983. Kukura, Philipp; McCamant, David W.; Mathies, Richard A. (2007). "Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry.

Cowan. G. Hays and K. B. Wharton, Nuclear fusion from explosions of femtosecond laser-heated deuterium clusters, Nature 398, 6727 (1999) Recipients of

which have IR-active ligands and is prone to correct assignments on the femtosecond timescale due to underlying vibrational cooling. To answer the question

Seong-Shan (23 September 2016). "Direct synthesis of nanodiamonds by femtosecond laser irradiation of ethanol". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 33966. Bibcode:2016NatSR

2000. Machat was also the first refractive surgeon to use the Intralase femtosecond laser for flap creation in March 2003. Machat was instrumental in the

"Characterization of the I− 2 anion ground state using conventional and femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy", J. Chem. Phys., 107 (19): 7613, Bibcode:1997JChPh

Siegner, U; Achermann, M; Keller, U (2001-10-09). "Spatially resolved femtosecond spectroscopy beyond the diffraction limit". Measurement Science and Technology

the system). Typical timesteps for classical MD are on the order of 1 femtosecond (10−15 s). This value may be extended by using algorithms such as the

ISSN 0030-4018. Hebling, J.; Kuhl, J. (1989-03-01). "Generation of femtosecond pulses by traveling-wave amplified spontaneous emission". Optics Letters

Mizutani, Goro; Rutt, Harvey N. (2019). "Observation of Spider Silk by Femtosecond Pulse Laser Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy". Surf. Interface Anal

ISSN 0030-4018. Hebling, J.; Kuhl, J. (1989-03-01). "Generation of femtosecond pulses by traveling-wave amplified spontaneous emission". Optics Letters

(2013). "High 90% efficiency Bragg gratings formed in fused silica by femtosecond Gauss-Bessel laser beams". Optical Materials Express. 3 (11): 1862. Bibcode:2013OMExp

Cundiff, Steven T. (April 28, 2000). "Carrier-Envelope Phase Control of Femtosecond Mode-Locked Lasers and Direct Optical Frequency Synthesis". Science.

Commerce Bank Distinguished Graduate Faculty Award". "Uwe Thumm appointed Femtosecond and Attosecond Science and Technology fellow at national Swiss research

even smaller gold nanoparticles that act as a plasmonic photocathode. Femtosecond laser pulses free electrons in the gold particles that jump into the

DNA photocleavage. This mechanism has been supported by the data in femtosecond ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. If the intramolecular charge

generation memory devices. Ultrafast processes operating at picosecond, femtosecond, and even attosecond scale are both driven by, and studied using, optical

or reflected current can be measured. Modern ultrafast lasers allow femtosecond (fs) temporal resolution for time-domain techniques, such tools are now

1016369. Kolesik, M.; Wright, E. M.; Moloney, J. V. (2004). "Simulation of femtosecond pulse propagation in sub-micron diameter tapered fibers". Applied Physics

coherent ultrahigh harmonics in the keV x-ray regime from mid-infrared femtosecond lasers". Science. 336 (6086): 1287–1291. arXiv:2403.19535. Bibcode:2012Sci

reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10−15 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name). Mathematical chemistry – area of research engaged in

mobility can be calculated from time-resolved terahertz probe measurement. Femtosecond laser pulses excite the semiconductor and the resulting photoconductivity

; Lacourt, P. A.; Jacquot, M.; Dudley, J. M. (15 May 2012). "Sending femtosecond pulses in circles: highly nonparaxial accelerating beams". Optics Letters

using superluminescent diodes or lasers with extremely short pulses (femtosecond lasers). White light is an example of a broadband source with lower power

significant heating and melting of the sample. For example, engraving using femtosecond lasers enhances precision, as these lasers emit extremely short pulses

pulses. In the early 80's he strongly contributed to the development of femtosecond lasers. In 1984 he, along with O.E. Martinez and J.P. Gordon, published

(2009-04-02). "Ultrafast Dynamics of Isolated Phenylcarbenes Followed by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Velocity Map Imaging". The Journal of Physical Chemistry

accumulation of many ultrashort electron pulses (typically of hundreds of femtoseconds) with a fixed time delay between the arrival of the electron pulse and

The generation lasers are short pulse (from tens of nanoseconds to femtoseconds) and high peak power lasers. Common lasers used for ultrasound generation

Cauldron, southwest Japan:Uranium‒lead dating of Late Pliocene zircon using femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled multi-collector ICP mass spectrometry"

Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility. Pollock is a pioneer in the use of femtosecond lasers for 3D tomography of materials. Pollock also acts as Chair of

light emitting and lasing behaviors of crystalline perovskites upon femtosecond laser ablation". Materials Today Physics. 31: 101000. doi:10.1016/j.mtphys

et al. (2013-10-31). "Ring-Closing Reaction in Diarylethene Captured by Femtosecond Electron Crystallography" (PDF). The Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Bespalov V.G. (2015). "Research of linear and nonlinear processes at femtosecond laser radiation propagation in the medium simulating the human eye vitreous"

time-resolved PEEM offers a very high temporal resolution of only a few femtoseconds with prospects of advancing it to the attosecond regime. The reason is

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.1339. Petek, H.; Ogawa, S. (30 Dec 1997). "Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of electron dynamics in

I.; König, K.; Wüllner, C.; Donitzky, C. (2007-12-01). "Influence of femtosecond laser pulse irradiation on the viability of cells at 1035, 517, and 345nm"

as well as in applied fields. In particular: - Atom and nanooptics - Femtosecond spectroscopy - Spectroscopy of excited state of atoms, molecules and

B-factory (PEP-II) for CP-violation studies, and initiated the Berkeley FEL/Femtosecond X-ray Source and Laser-Plasma Acceleration development. He was a senior

performance of the acousto optic programmable dispersive filter used for femtosecond laser pulse shaping », Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings). EDP sciences

of which are the most recent: Coherent subterahertz radiation from femtosecond infrared filaments in air ..., JM Munier, M Gheudin, G Beaudin, P Encrenaz

Cherezov (2015) Structure of the angiotensin receptor revealed by serial femtosecond crystallography Cell 161: 833-844 D. Zhang, Z.G. Gao, K. Zhang, E. Kiselev

contributions made in this area were by Ahmed Zewail using ultrafast, femtosecond spectroscopy en route to his 1999 Nobel Prize. His discoveries elucidated

"Triggering, guiding and deviation of long air spark discharges with femtosecond laser filament". AIP Advances. 2 (1): 012151. Bibcode:2012AIPA....2a2151F

3D microstructured scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering made by femtosecond direct laser writing lithography". Biofabrication. 7 (1): 015015. Bibcode:2015BioFa

copper, silver, titanium, platinum iridium, and plastics. Fiber or femtosecond lasers. Resistance welding – Power supplies (linear DC, high and mid

(2008). "Detection of shear picosecond acoustic pulses by transient femtosecond polarimetry". The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 153 (1).

Vlasta; Wöste, Ludger; Jortner, Joshua (28 April 2011). "Time-Resolved Femtosecond Photoelectron Spectroscopy by Field-Induced Surface Hopping". The Journal

cataract surgery Nonmechanical corneal surgery with lasers Application of femtosecond laser at the eye Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) Amniotic membrane

ISBN 978-1-86094-039-2. OCLC 39550508. Sundström, V.; Herek, J. (2004). Femtosecond photobiology. Bristol: Institute of Physics. ISBN 0-7503-0834-6. OCLC 56464277

BM; Loh, KP; Xu, QH; Ji, W (2010). "Transient photoconductivity and femtosecond nonlinear optical properties of a conjugated polymer–graphene oxide composite"

FOM. He coordinated successfully the project Atoms in Super-intense, Femtosecond Pulses involving four experimental laboratories and theoretical groups

shoot towards the devices detonating them at a safe distance. By using femtosecond lasers light pulses that last less than a ten-trillionth of a second

found in most load-bearing tissues. Using a short-pulse laser such as a femtosecond laser and a set of appropriate filters the excitation light can be easily

usually gas lasers, which are pulsed at time periods from picoseconds to femtoseconds (mode-locking). Successful experiments have used Ti:Sm, KrF, and YAG

Samar (2018). "An unprecedented dioxygen species revealed by serial femtosecond rotation crystallography in copper nitrite reductase". IUCrJ. 5 (Pt 1):

ISBN 978-1-86094-039-2. OCLC 39550508. Sundström, V.; Herek, J. (2004). Femtosecond photobiology. Bristol: Institute of Physics. ISBN 0-7503-0834-6. OCLC 56464277

Schulten's group modeled the satellite tobacco mosaic virus, emulating femtosecond interactions of approximately one million atoms in the virus and a surrounding

correlated electrons' spin state while leaving its orbital state intact using femtosecond X-ray laser pulses. This may indicate that orbitronics – using variations

Kleyn, Aart W; Bonn, Mischa (March 2003). "Time- vs. frequency-domain femtosecond surface sum frequency generation". Chemical Physics Letters. 370 (1–2):

used to conduct cataract surgeries. This procedure involves the use of femtosecond lasers which allow for precision cuts to create the corneal flap necessary

Wolfgang; Koch, Markus; Linden, Wolfgang (2019-01-19). "Bayesian Analysis of Femtosecond Pump-Probe Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Spectra with Fluctuating

Mbele, V. (2007). "Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb". Nature. 445 (7128): 627–630. doi:10.1038/nature05524

and Hochstrasser, R.M. (2001), "Frequency resolved and heterodyned femtosecond infrared echoes of peptides; multiple pulse coherent vibrational analogues

in SFG-VS and other nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, such as the Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS). Wang was selected to the Hundred

the design and analysis of prism sequences for pulse compression in femtosecond lasers. Transfer-matrix method (optics) Linear canonical transformation

(2012). "High-resolution protein structure determination by serial femtosecond crystallography" (PDF). Science. 337 (6092): 362–364. Bibcode:2012Sci

et al. High-resolution time-of-flight terahertz tomography using a femtosecond fiber laser[J]. Optics Express, 2009, 17(9): 7533-7539. DOI:10.1364/OE

solar cells, Huang has studied exciton formation and charge transport at femtosecond timescales. She tracked the hot carriers that form in perovskite solar

mode-locked lasers that produce exotic ultra-short pulses of light in the femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) range for applications in micro-machining, micro-fabrication

Supercontinuum sources driven by ultrashort pump pulses (on the order of tens of femtoseconds in duration or less) are generally much more stable than those pumped

Eason, Robert W. (2013-06-01). "Micron-scale copper wires printed using femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer with automated donor replenishment" (PDF)

University, under the supervision of Sanford Ruhman in the field of femtosecond spectroscopy, studying the ultrafast dynamics of triiodide in solution

Shank CV (1 October 1994). "Vibrationally coherent photochemistry in the femtosecond primary event of vision". Science. 266 (5184): 422–424. Bibcode:1994Sci

; Herman S.; Rubenchik A.; Shore B.; Perry M. (1996). "Nanosecond-to-femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in dielectrics". Physical Review B. 53 (4): 1749–1761

and liquid-crystalline transitions. These phenomena are studied using femtosecond spectroscopies such as ultrafast optical Kerr-effect spectroscopy, time-domain

“Scaling down in time and space" going from picosecond time resolution to femtosecond spectroscopy, installing scanning probe microscopy and optical microscopy

BM; Loh, KP; Xu, QH; Ji, W (2010). "Transient photoconductivity and femtosecond nonlinear optical properties of a conjugated polymer–graphene oxide composite"

(ERC Advanced grant) in the field of phase transitions in time using femtosecond spectroscopy. "Slovenian-led team paves way for miniaturisation of microchips"

International Center for Laser Technologies which has been investigating femtosecond laser modification of the structures of optical materials. The center

co-developer. His clinical interests are devoted to LASIK treatment, femtosecond laser uses in LASIK and other corneal surgeries, LASEK/Photorefractive

Huber AJ, Hillenbrand R, Sarkisov SY, Giessen H (2014). "High-power femtosecond mid-IR sources for s-SNOM applications". Journal of Optics. 16 (9): 094003

oxygen species in gold nanoparticle-targeted cancer cells following femtosecond pulse irradiation". Scientific Reports. 3: 2146. Bibcode:2013NatSR..

213, 1727 (2022) Page xi, Chemical Reactions and their Control on the Femtosecond Time Scale: XXth Solvay Conference on Chemistry. Vol. 220. John Wiley

Randolf, Bernhard R.; Rode, Bernd M. (2009). "Hydrolysis of As(III): A femtosecond process". Chemical Physics Letters. 473 (1–3): 176–178. Bibcode:2009CPL

Impulsive Molecular Modulation for Generating Broadly Tunable, Tailored Femtosecond Laser Pulses". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-30. "Adolph Lomb Medal

variety of structuring possibilities through the use of nano-, pico- or femtosecond lasers, as well as by varying the number of used interfering laser beams

energy almost simultaneously (all photons arrive within approximately 1 femtosecond of each other). This permits 3PEF to have useful depths significantly

passivated silicon nanocrystals with stable luminescence synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation in solution". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 13

The Photon factory's research specialises in using extremely short (femtosecond) laser pulses to solve both fundamental and applied problems. These include

Saunders, A; Sun, G; Begley, TP; Lis, JT; Webb, WW (2007). "Comparison of femtosecond laser and continuous wave UV sources for protein-nucleic acid crosslinking"

the amplitude of the coherent hypersound oscillations generated by a femtosecond optical pulse. An evidence of hypersound amplification by stimulated

proteorhodopsins and DNA/RNA complexes, have been analysed using LILBID. Femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy was used by CEF scientists to study molecular

preferred. For this and other logistical reasons, a single Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser is used to create a single laser pulse train. After passing through

Coherent Ultrahigh Harmonics in the keV X-ray Regime from Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Lasers". Science. 336 (6086). American Association for the Advancement

Hall, J.L.; Curdiff, S.T. (2000). "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis". Science.

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy." Christian B. Anfinsen: 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy." Christian B. Anfinsen: 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for

Niklaus F, et al. (September 2020). "Bactericidal surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser patterning and layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating". Journal

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"; King Faisal International Prize winner; Albert Einstein

The $20 million, CFI-funded international project uses a multi-beam femtosecond laser system operating in a wide range of frequencies to study the behaviour

Scientific 2004, ISBN 981-238-794-3. Ben-Zvi, I., Photoinjectors, In Femtosecond Beam Science, M. Uesaka Ed., World Scientific 2005, ISBN 1-86094-343-8

Awschalom, D. D.; Samarth, N.; Luo, H.; Furdyna, J. K. (October 15, 1994). "Femtosecond spin spectroscopy in magnetically tunable heterostructures". Physical

intern at the Hewlett-Packard Labs in Palo Alto, where he designed a femtosecond laser pulse autocorrelator and studied optical fiber nonlinear effects

more than four orders of magnitude different in size and mass using femtosecond laser pulses. Researchers demonstrate a diffusive memristor fabricated

"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" 1998 Walter Kohn Vienna, Austria "for his development of

sextillion) Estimated lifespan of "Superman memory crystal" data storage using femtosecond laser-etched nanostructures in glass, a technology developed at the University